摘要
在人工智能技术快速发展背景下,组织要在复杂、多变的环境中脱颖而出,需要依靠员工智慧,即员工建言。基于压力认知激活理论,探究人工智能技术应用对员工建言和沉默的影响机制,验证工作反刍的中介作用和工作自主性的调节作用。为提高研究内外部效度以及研究结果的可靠性,采用情景实验和三阶段问卷调研方法对模型进行验证,研究发现:(1)人工智能技术应用通过增加问题解决沉思,正向影响员工建言,负向影响员工沉默;(2)人工智能技术应用通过增加情感反刍,负向影响员工建言,正向影响员工沉默;(3)工作自主性提升会强化人工智能技术应用对员工建言的正向影响,弱化人工智能技术应用对员工沉默的正向影响。研究结论揭示人工智能技术应用对员工建言和沉默影响的“双刃剑”效应,为组织更好地发挥人工智能技术应用的积极效应提供启示。
In recent years,the rapid development of artificial intelligence technologies,such as intelligent robots and voice recognition,has become a key force driving the transformation of China's economy.Artificial intelligence technologies can enhance human intelligence by enabling autonomous learning,communication,interaction,and problem-solving.In order to reduce labor inputs and increase work efficiency,more and more organizations are introducing AI technologies into their work.With the application of AI technology in the workplace,on the one hand,employees recognize that AI usage can help them perform redundant tasks and process complex data,which leads to experience positive emotions.A number of studies have also shown that AI usage can promote employees'sense of work enthusiasm,job engagement and organizational citizenship behaviors.On the other hand,it can impose new work requirements on employees.The complexity of the technology can induce negative psychological emotions and increase employees'work stress and job insecurity,which could lead to emotional exhaustion,employees'burnout,knowledge hiding,and intentions to leave.Scholars have viewed AI usage as a form of technological stress that leads to anxiety and insecurity,which in turn affects employee performance,proactive behavior,and job crafting.AI usage as a stressor can significantly affect employees'attitudes and behaviors at work.In addition,organizations that want to stand out in a complex and changing economic environment need to rely on the wisdom of their employees,for example,employee voice.Employee voice in the organization will be affected by work pressure.Therefore,AI usage as a stressor has an impact on employee voice and silence.However,few studies have focused on the double-edged sword effect of its impact on employee voice and silence from the perspective of the cognitive activation theory of stress.This theory posits that employees cognitively appraise the outcomes of stressors as positive or negative,which can spill over into non-work time and trigger adaptive or non-adaptive psychological responses.Regarding AI,such appraisals can lead to problem-solving adaptive responses or emotionally centered non-adaptive ones.In Chinese culture,the concept of"Zi Xing"is reflected in employees'work as rumination,which is split into problem-solving pondering and affective rumination.AI usage can activate problem-solving pondering and affective rumination among employees,which ultimately influences employees'voice and silent behaviors.In Study 1,a scenario experiment was conducted with 240 employees who use AI technology in their daily work,recruited via the Credamo platform in China.A between-subjects experimental design with two factors(AI technology application:high vs.low;job autonomy:high vs.low)was employed.In Study 2(questionnaire survey),employees from organizations using AI were recruited via the WJX online data collection platform.A three-stage time-lagged data collection approach was adopted to mitigate the impact of common method bias.Research hypotheses were tested and the empirical results show that through the mechanism of problem-solving pondering,artificial intelligence usage has a positive influence on employee voice and a negative impact on employee silence;via the mechanism of affective rumination,the artificial intelligence negatively affects employee voice and positively influences employee silence;work autonomy strengthens the positive effect of artificial intelligence usage on problem-solving pondering and weakens the positive impact of artificial intelligence usage on affective rumination.This study makes the following theoretical contributions.First,this study confirms that AI usage can affect employees'voice and silent behaviors in terms of problem-solving pondering and affective rumination,respectively.This not only broadens the research horizons of the impact of AI usage,but also enriches the antecedent research of employees'voice and silent behaviors from the perspective of stress cognitive activation theory of stress.Second,this study brings in job rumination in the research framework,which broadened the scope of the impact of AI usage on employees'attitudes and behaviors,and also provided a novel explanatory framework for the research on the mechanism of the impact of AI usage on employees'voice and silence.Finally,this study incorporates job autonomy into the impact of AI usage on employees'voice and silence,further enriching the boundary conditions for the study from the perspective of job resources.
作者
赵琛徽
汤昊
Zhao Chenhui;Tang Hao(School of Business Administration,Zhongnan University of Economics and Law,Wuhan 430073,China)
出处
《科技进步与对策》
北大核心
2025年第14期21-33,共13页
Science & Technology Progress and Policy
基金
国家社会科学基金项目(23BSH098)
教育部人文社会科学研究基金项目(20YJA630096)。
关键词
人工智能技术应用
问题解决沉思
情感反刍
员工建言
员工沉默
Artificial Intelligence Usage
Problem-solving Pondering
Affective Rumination
Employee Voice
Employee Silence
作者简介
赵琛徽(1970-),男,湖北大悟人,博士,中南财经政法大学工商管理学院教授、博士生导师,研究方向为组织行为与人力资源管理;汤昊(1990-),女,河南郑州人,中南财经政法大学工商管理学院博士研究生,研究方向为组织行为与人力资源管理。
