摘要
在现代刑法教义学视域下,“迫使”要件的规范本质在于对被害人意志自由的实质性压制。然而,受传统伦理观念的影响,司法实践对家庭场域内的非对称型性行为普遍采取否定性的评价范式,甚至出现以结论反推要件的逆向论证逻辑。即先验性地认定行为违背妇女意志,进而倒推该行为满足“迫使”要件。这种将家庭内外非对称型性行为人为割裂的二元判断标准,不仅消解了构成要件的教义学纯粹性,还不当压缩了负有照护职责人员性侵罪的适用空间。为实现强奸罪构成要件的统一适用,应当通过以下路径实现规范重构:其一,将利用特殊身份实施的行为严格限定于与显性强制具有等价性的意志压制行为;其二,建立以结构性弱势地位为核心的孤立无援状态类型化认定模型。
In the context of modern criminal law doctrine,the normative essence of the"coercion"el-ement lies in the substantial suppression of the victim's freedom of will.However,influenced by tradi-tional ethical conceptions,judicial practice has often adopted a negative evaluative paradigm toward asym-metrical sexual conduct within the family sphere,sometimes even resorting to reverse reasoning that in-fers elements from the conclusion.That is,it is a priori determined that the act is against the woman's will,and then it is inferred retroactively that the act meets the"coercion"element.This artificial bifurca-tion between intra-family and extra-family asymmetrical sexual conduct undermines the doctrinal purity of the constituent elements and improperly narrows the scope of application for sexual assault offenses committed by caregivers or persons in a position of trust.To achieve a unified application of the elements constituting the crime of rape,a normative reconstruction should be pursued through the following ap-proaches:first,strictly limiting acts carried out by persons with special status to those that involve a sup-pression of will equivalent to explicit coercion;second,establishing a typological model of isolated and helpless situations centered on the victim's structurally disadvantaged position.
出处
《中外法学》
北大核心
2025年第3期740-759,共20页
Peking University Law Journal
关键词
家庭内部
伦理迷思
迫使
利用地位
孤立无援
Intra-Family
Moral Myth
Coercion
Exploitation of Position
Isolated and Helpless
作者简介
潘卓希,浙江师范大学法学院讲师。
