摘要
西藏地方志,是按照志书体例编纂、记载今西藏自治区范围内自然、社会与历史现状的综合性文献。清代是西藏地方志发展的高峰,数量接近30部,类型多样,既有省志、府县志,也有乡土志;既有私人纂修,也有官修志书。本文从整理、研究、价值三个维度对清代西藏地方志整理研究状况进行全面梳理。在此基础上得出三点结论:其一,清代西藏地方志收集整理虽然起步很早,成果也很丰硕,但存在与其他古籍文献相混杂和收集整理不均衡的问题;其二,相关研究多集中在对部分志书著者、成书时间、相互关系的考证,或是对其体例、特点、资料来源与史料价值的研究,整体性研究偏弱;其三,对清代西藏地方志在当代的重要价值和现实意义挖掘利用不足。清代西藏地方志中既有体现西藏地方自古以来就是中国领土不可分割的组成部分的宝贵资料,也有对近代西藏地方反侵略斗争和爱国主义精神的书写,还保存了大量西藏各民族交往交流交融的珍贵史料,有待全面挖掘整理和研究利用,以发挥其在铸牢中华民族共同体意识中的重要价值。
Local chronicles of Xizang refer to comprehensive documents compiled chronological order,detailing the natural,social,and historical conditions of the present Xizang Autonomous Region.The Qing Dynasty marked the peak of development of these ancient local chronicles,with nearly 30 volumes produced.These chronicles encompass various types,including provincial,prefectural,county,and village chronicles.They were compiled by individuals from diverse ethnic backgrounds including Manchu,Mongolian,Han,and Bai,spanning different social strata such as high-ranking officials,middle and lower-level bureaucrats,literati,and business travelers.Utilizing numerous original documents,official records,and historical texts in Tibetan,Chinese,Manchu,and Mongolian,alongside extensive survey interviews and oral materials,these chronicles serve as invaluable historical resources.Findings demonstrate that the evolution of Xizang's local chronicles during the Qing Dynasty is closely linked to the historical context,reflecting the diverse perspectives on Xizang of compilers from various regions,ethnic groups,and social strata,and documenting the“three major historical processes”in the development of the relationship between the central government and Xizang:The communication,interaction,and integration between Han and Tibetan peoples;Xizang's becoming an inseparable part of China;and the integration of various ethnic peoples in Xizang into the diverse and unified Chinese nation.Utilizing the three dimensions of collation,research,and value,this article tries to conduct a comprehensive review of current research on Xizang local chronicles during the Qing Dynasty.It posits the following:Firstly,scholars seemed to begin collecting and sorting Qing Dynasty Xizang local chronicles relatively early,yielding fruitful results.However,significant issues persist,such as contamination with other ancient texts and imbalanced collection and organization.Specifically,some well-known and frequently cited Qing Dynasty local chronicles have been repeatedly collected,whereas lesser-known and harder-to-access texts have received insufficient attention in terms of searching,collection,and compilation.Additionally,some research institutions and scholars have inadequately discriminated between texts during the collection and sorting process,leading to the inclusion of many ancient texts that do not belong to Xizang local chronicles.Secondly,existing research has largely focused on verifying the authorship,completion dates,and interrelations of certain local chronicles of Xizang in the Qing Dynasty,as well as studying their formats,characteristics,sources,and historical values.In terms of subject selection,the focus has primarily been on a few significant and easily accessible local chronicles,while specialized research on those less accessible ones has progressed minimally,either relatively lagging behind or lacking dedicated studies.Finally,it can be inferred that the contemporary value of local chronicles from Xizang during the Qing Dynasty has not been sufficiently explored.These chronicles constitute an important part of China's ancient textual corpus,containing precious materials that reflect Xizang's long-standing status as an inseparable part of Chinese territory.They document the modern struggle against foreign invasion,evoke patriotic sentiment in Xizang,and provide a wealth of valuable historical materials regarding the communications,interactions,and integrations among various ethnic groups in Xizang.Hence,there is an urgent need for comprehensive excavation,organization,and investigation of these chronicles to realize their contemporary value in strengthening the consciousness of the Chinese national community and promoting interaction and integration among various ethnic groups in the new era.
作者
黄辛建
李玉
Huang Xinjian;Li Yu(School of Community for the Chinese Nation,Southwest Minzu University,Chengdu,610041,Sichuan,China;School of Ethnology and Sociology,Southwest Minzu University,Chengdu,610041,China)
出处
《民族学刊》
CSSCI
北大核心
2024年第12期131-141,156,共12页
Journal of Ethnology
基金
教育部后期资助重大项目“中华民族共同体视域下清代西藏和涉藏地区行政分界的文献资料整理与研究”(22JHQ016)
西南民族大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目“中华民族共同体历史与文化研究”(2024GTT-WT02)
西南民族大学研究生创新型科研项目(YCZD2024032)阶段性成果。
关键词
清代西藏地方志
整理研究
民族交融史料
铸牢中华民族共同体意识
local chronicles of Xizang
collation and research
historical data of ethnic integration
forging a strong sense of community for the Chinese nation
作者简介
黄辛建(1979-),男,四川安县人,西南民族大学中华民族共同体学院教授、四川省哲社重点研究基地“青藏高原经济社会与文化发展研究中心”研究员,研究方向:中华民族共同体发展史、西藏方志文献整理研究;李玉(2000-),女,湖北利川人,西南民族大学民族学与社会学学院、西南民族研究院硕士研究生,研究方向:中国民族史。
