摘要
【目的】梳理铍铝(Be-Al)合金的研究现状,为Be-Al合金的研发和应用提供参考。【研究现状】综述Be和Be-Al合金的特性;Be-Al合金国内外发展和制备方法;Ge、Cu、Sc的添加对Be-Al合金的影响;Be-Al合金在飞行器构件、光学系统中的应用等。【结论与展望】认为应研制缺陷少、球形度高的Be粉末和Be-Al合金粉末;立体激光立体成型技术制备出的合金具有细小的晶粒和特定的晶体取向,为制备Be-Al合金提供新的路径;自排气压力浸透法和热挤压技术制备出组织性能优异的Be-Al合金,平均晶粒径细,能显著提高合金的力学性能;应发展环境友好和高效的Be资源回收利用技术,减少资源浪费和环境污染;为了推广Be-Al合金的应用,特别是在航空航天、国防科技和光学系统等高端领域,可通过添加Ge、Cu和Sc等合金化元素,强化Al相来提高合金的强度,来突破材料制备、成分优化、强化机制和精密成型技术。
Significance Beryllium-aluminum(Be-Al)alloys have garnered attention due to their outstanding properties,including excellent specific strength,high specific stiffness,superior thermal stability,exceptional toughness,and strong corrosion resistance.These alloys combine the high elastic modulus and low density of Be with the processing ease and high toughness of Al,making them ideal materials for rocket and aircraft manufacturing.This paper reviews the current research status of Be-Al alloys and provides valuable insights for their development and application.Progress The article summarizes the characteristics,development status,preparation methods,the impact of element additions on properties,and application areas of Be-Al alloys.The low mutual solubility between Be and Al gives Be-Al alloys a unique microstructure and metal matrix composite characteristics.Large-scale production of Be-Al alloys has been achieved abroad,and research on their excellent physical and chemical properties has deepened.Mainstream preparation processes such as powder metallurgy and investment casting are discussed,along with new techniques for producing high-performance Be-Al alloys,such as laser stereolithography and self-exhaust pressure infiltration.The latter has shown a strengthening enhancement of over 100%.Alloying with elements like germanium(Ge),copper(Cu),scandium(Sc),and zirconium(Zr)can effectively optimize the microstructure of Be-Al alloys,improving their mechanical properties.Be-Al alloys are now widely used in aerospace components and optical systems.Conclusions and Prospects China’s production capacity for high-end beryllium alloys needs improvement.In the future,more investment in research and optimization of Be-Al alloy preparation processes is needed to advance their applications in aerospace,defense technology,and optical systems.1)Developing advanced Be powder and Be-Al alloy powder preparation techniques is critical for enhancing alloy performance and expanding their application range.2)The self-exhaust pressure infiltration combined with hot extrusion has produced Be-Al alloys with excellent microstructure and performance.However,this process has not yet been scaled up for industrial production,requiring further refinement to support Be-Al alloy development.3)Developing environmentally friendly and efficient methods for Be resource utilization will reduce the cost of Be and its products,enhancing market competitiveness and driving the development of related industries.4)Compared to aluminum alloy systems,alloying studies on Be-Al alloys are still relatively limited and lack in-depth theoretical research.5)To promote the application of Be-Al alloys in China,breakthroughs are needed in material preparation,composition optimization,strengthening mechanisms,and precision forming technologies.
作者
陈凯旋
王为民
曹裕栋
魏程浩
王自东
CHEN Kaixuan;WANG Weimin;CAO Yudong;WEI Chenghao;WANG Zidong(School of Materials and Science and Engineering,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China;State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China;Institute No.25 of the Second Academy,China Aerospace Science&Industry Corp.,Beijing 100854,China)
出处
《中国粉体技术》
CAS
2025年第1期154-169,共16页
China Powder Science and Technology
基金
国家自然科学基金项目,编号:52101119
北京市自然科学基金项目,编号:2214072
第七届中国科协青年人才托举工程项目,编号:2021QNRC001。
关键词
铍
铍铝合金
材料成形
合金化
铍储量
航空航天
beryllium
beryllium-aluminum alloy
materials forming
alloying
beryllium reserve
aerospace
作者简介
第一作者:陈凯旋(1991-),男,副教授,博士,硕士生导师,中国科协青年人才托举工程人才,研究方向为先进金属材料。E-mail:chenkxustb@126.com;通信作者:王自东(1964-),男,教授,博士,博士生导师,研究方向为金属加工理论和技术。E-mail:wangzd@mater.ustb.edu.cn。
