摘要
全球智能化浪潮下,智能制造成为技术领域的新范式,其所具有的“产消合一”核心特征,为破解中国产能过剩困境提供了崭新思路。本文将中国智能制造试点示范项目的推广视为一项准自然实验,采用交叠双重差分法(Staggered DID)探究智能制造对企业产能利用率的影响及机制。结果显示:智能制造的实施显著提升了企业产能利用率。机制分析表明,“产消合一”是智能制造发挥作用的核心路径,其主要通过赋能生产侧与消费侧两条路径提升产能利用率,具体表现为:在生产侧赋能企业柔性化生产,在消费侧转变消费者地位并创造新消费需求。异质性分析发现,智能制造对企业产能利用率的提升作用在成长期行业和市场环境较好地区的企业中更为明显。进一步研究表明,相比于生产式智能制造模式,协同式智能制造模式对企业产能利用率的提升作用更强;并且,智能制造可以从经济效率和社会效益两个方面赋能企业高质量发展。本文为政府建立化解产能过剩的长效机制,实现动能转型升级,提供了有益的理论支撑和实践启示。
Under the wave of global intelligence,intelligent manufacturing has become a new paradigm in the field of technology.Its char-acteristic of"uniting production and consumption"provides a new idea for solving the dilemma of overcapacity in China.This paper considers the China's intelligent manufacturing demonstration project as a"quasi-natural experiment"and uses staggered Differences-in-Differences to identity the effect and mechanism of intelligent manufacturing on enterprise capacity utilization.The results show that the intelligent manufac-turing significantly improves the enterprise capacity utilization.Mechanism analysis shows that"production-consumption integration"is the core path,which mainly enhances the enterprise capacity utilization by empowering the production and the consumption.On the production side,it enables flexible production;on the consumption side,it creates new consumption demand by changing the status of consumers.Hetero-geneity analysis shows that the effect of intelligent manufacturing on capacity utilization is more obvious among enterprises in the growth indus-try and enterprises in better market environment.Further analysis finds that the collaborative-based intelligent manufacturing model has a stronger effect on the improvement of enterprise capacity utilization than the production-based intelligent manufacturing model,and intelligent manufacturing can contribute to high-quality development of enterprises in terms of both economic efficiency and social benefits.This paper provides useful theoretical support and practical inspiration for the government to establish a long-term mechanism to resolve overcapacity and achieve the transformation and upgrading of kinetic energy.
作者
黄卓
陶云清
刘兆达
叶永卫
Huang Zhuo;Tao Yunqing;Liu Zhaoda;Ye Yongwei(National School of Development,Peking University;China Center for Economic Research,Peking University;School of Finance,Zhongnan University of Economics and Law;School of Public Economics and Administration,Shanghai University of Finance and Economics)
出处
《管理世界》
CSSCI
北大核心
2024年第5期40-57,共18页
Journal of Management World
基金
国家自然科学基金应急管理项目(基金号:72241421)
国家自然科学基金面上项目(基金号:72271010和72241418)的资助。
关键词
智能制造
产能利用率
生产侧
消费侧
intelligent manufacturing
capacity utilization
production side
consumption side
作者简介
通讯作者:陶云清。
