摘要
专精特新企业是中国经济实现创新驱动的重要微观基础,而培育和发展专精特新企业的关键又在于科学界定企业剩余分割占比,从根本上均衡物质资本和人力资本所有者利益,激发两者积极性。当前,产业分工协作已由产业间分工协作、产业内分工协作向产品内分工协作转变,模块化网络组织(含模块制造商、系统集成商及规则设计商)已然成为专精特新企业的主流形态。运用博弈论及仿真方法研究一般企业及三类专精特新企业的最优剩余分割占比问题,结果显示:(1)企业剩余最优分割占比是物质资本和人力资本所有者讨价还价的动态博弈结果,重置成本、资产专用性和风险承受(意愿和能力)是影响博弈进程与结果的关键因素,这三种关键因素的动态强弱变化导致三类专精特新企业最优剩余分割占比存在很大差异。(2)专精特新模块制造商内部分配是物质资本主导下的“资本雇佣劳动”传统初次分配范式,其人力资本所有者分配的企业剩余最优分割占比处在0~0.5区间,具体呈正偏态分布,最优占比众数远小于0.5。(3)专精特新系统集成商内部分配是人力资本和物质资本共同主导下的“资本雇佣劳动与劳动雇佣资本并存”新型初次分配范式,其人力资本所有者分配的企业剩余最优分割占比呈正态分布,最优占比众数接近0.5。(4)专精特新规则设计商内部分配则为人力资本主导下的“劳动雇佣资本”新型初次分配范式,其人力资本所有者分配的企业剩余最优分割占比处在0.5~1区间,具体呈负偏态分布,最优占比众数远大于0.5。因此,专精特新企业需要根据自身在模块化网络组织中的位置和形态,采用合适的初次分配范式和企业剩余分割占比。
Developing the enterprises that feature specialization,refinement,difference and innovation(SRDI)is an important micro-foundation for China s economy to realize innovation-driven.The key to cultivate and develop SRDI is to scientifically define the proportion of enterprise surplus division,fundamentally balance the interests of physical capital and human capital owners,and stimulate their enthusiasm.At present,the division of labor and cooperation in the field of practice has changed from inter-industry division of labor and cooperation,intra-industry division of labor and cooperation to intra-product division of labor and cooperation.Modular network organization(including module manufacturers,system integrators and rule designers)has become the mainstream form of SRDI.In this paper,game theory and system simulation are used to study the optimal residual division ratio of general enterprises and three kinds of specialized new enterprises.It is found that:(1)The formation of the optimal enterprise surplus division ratio is the dynamic game result of bargaining between physical capital owners and human capital owners,and there are three key factors that affect the game process and results:The first factor is replacement cost;The second factor is asset specificity;The third factor is the willingness and ability to take risks.The dynamic changes of three key factors lead to great differences in the optimal enterprise surplus division ratio among the three types of SRDI enterprises.(2)The surplus distribution of SRDI module manufacturers belongs to the traditional initial distribution paradigm of“capital hires labor”dominated by physical capital.The optimal enterprise surplus proportion of human capital owners is between 0 and 0.5,showing a positive skewed distribution,and the proportion is much less than 0.5.(3)The surplus distribution of SRDI system integrator is the initial distribution paradigm of distribution paradigm of“the coexistence of capital-employed labor and labor-employed capital”which is co-dominated by human capital and physical capital.The optimal enterprise surplus proportion of the human capital owner is normal distribution,and the specific proportion is close to 0.5.(4)The surplus distribution of SRDI rule designer is a new initial distribution paradigm of“capital hires labor”dominated by human capital.The optimal enterprise surplus proportion of the human capital owner is in the range of 0.5 to 1,showing a negative skew distribution,and the proportion is much more than 0.5.The conclusion is of great significance for correctly understanding and guiding the distribution reform of SRDI enterprises,and then promoting its sustainable and efficient development.
作者
肖曙光
吴涛
洪宁宁
XIAO Shu-guang;WU Tao;HONG Ning-ning
出处
《产经评论》
CSSCI
北大核心
2024年第1期5-17,共13页
Industrial Economic Review
基金
教育部人文社会科学基金项目“新型初次分配范式下的企业劳方、资方和政府三方利益分配:机理、机制与效果”(批准号:19YJA790095,主持人:肖曙光)。
关键词
专精特新企业
初次分配范式
企业剩余最优分割占比
模块化网络组织
SRDI enterprises
initial distribution paradigm
optimal proportion of enterprise surplus division
modular network organization
作者简介
肖曙光,博士,广东财经大学南岭学者特聘教授、博士生导师,研究方向:企业理论与公司治理;吴涛,经济学硕士,广东财经大学经济学院经济师,研究方向:企业理论与公司治理;洪宁宁,经济学硕士,广东财经大学经济学院经济师,研究方向:产业发展和产业政策。
