摘要
作为“鲜卑”诸部之一的拓跋氏,内部曾发育出一套与匈奴、华夏不同的名号体系,代表性名号是“可汗”。魏晋以来“单于”号在北方诸部族中被广泛使用,西晋末年的匈奴诸部发起反晋行动,“单于”号也随着西晋朝廷的封授进入拓跋部,并曾行用相当长的时间。“单于”等匈奴名号,与鲜卑传统名号如“可汗”,华夏名号如“皇帝”“王”等并行,不仅有胡汉区隔,还有“胡胡分治”的含义,反映了游牧部族政权在政治制度与政治结构方面独特的融合。“单于”“可汗”等首领名号逐渐在北魏官方文献中消失,代表着游牧部族向华夏式政权发展的趋势,也代表了北朝民族融合的历史方向。
As one of the “Xianbei” tribes,Tuoba tribe once developed a set of title system with “Khan” as its symbol,which was different from that of Xiongnu and Huaxia.Since the Wei and Jin dynasties,the “Chanyu” title has been widely used in the northern tribes.In the late Western Jin Dynasty,the Huns tribes staged an uprising against the dynasty and popularized the title of “Chanyu” among the northern nomad groups,then the royal court of Western Jin has conferred the title on the Tuoba tribe and the title was used for a long time.The title “Chanyu” for the Huns was equal to the traditional “Khan” for Xianbei tribes and “Emperor” or “King” for Huaxia.The title presented a unique political framework of northern nomad groups.There is not only the differences in between the Hu and Han ethnic people,but also the disparities in between different Hu groups,which reflects the unique integration of the nomadic tribal regime in the political system and political structure.The titles of the tribal chieftains such as “Chanyu” and “Khan” have successively disappeared from the official documents of the Northern Wei Dynasty,which reflected the trend of the nomadic groups developing towards the Huaxia style regime,as well as the historical direction of national integration in the Northern Dynasty.
作者
郭硕
GUO Shuo(School of History and Culture,Sichuan University,Chengdu Sichuan 610065)
出处
《中央民族大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2024年第1期142-151,共10页
Journal of Minzu University of China(Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition)
基金
国家社会科学基金后期资助项目“北魏时代的名号变迁与国家社会转型研究”(项目编号:19FZSB032)的阶段性成果。
作者简介
郭硕,四川大学历史文化学院副教授。
