摘要
招投标概念的文义射程是有限的,对于发生在拍卖、竞买、竞争性谈判、竞争性磋商以及询价等交易过程中的串通行为,不宜以串通投标罪定罪。此非立法疏漏,而是“意图性的法律空白”,是刑法谦抑性的题中之义。投标人之间串通是典型的必要共犯,行为人实际控制的多家关联公司参与围标的,客观上没有排挤其他竞争者,该违法行为没有达到值得刑罚处罚的程度。在得到发标方许可后先期开展工程项目建设,或项目已经实际完工,仅在“补手续型”招标投标过程中串通的,不具有本罪的实质法益侵害性。行为人与招标代理公司串通的,属于投标人与招标人串通;投标人请托评标专家的,在评标专家仅对帮助请托人有认识,而缺乏对投标人与他人串通的故意时,评标专家缺乏帮助犯的双重故意,难以成立本罪共犯。认定串通投标罪,不能仅考虑处罚必要性,还应严格遵循罪刑法定原则,结合法益侵害原理进行实质的、刑法所固有的违法性判断,在不同的部门法中应当对违法性作相对的理解。
The textual range of the concept of bidding is limited,and it is not suitable to be convicted of collusion in the process of auction,bidding,competitive negotiation,competitive negotiation and inquiry.This is not an omission in legislation,but an “intentional legal blank”,which is the meaning of the modesty of criminal law.Collusion between bidders is a typical necessary accomplice,the actor actually controls a number of affiliated companies to participate in the bid encirclement,objectively did not crowd out other competitors,the illegal behavior did not reach the degree worthy of penalty.If the construction of the project is carried out in advance after the permission of the bid issuer,or the project has been actually completed and colludes only in the process of “supplementary” tendering and bidding,it does not have the substantive legal interests of this crime.If the actor colludes with the bidding agency company,it belongs to the collusion between the bidder and the tenderer;if the bidder asks the bid evaluation expert,when the bid evaluation expert only knows the help trustee and lacks the intention of collusion between the bidder and others,the bid evaluation expert lacks the double intention of helping to commit the crime,so it is difficult to establish an accomplice in this crime.In order to determine the crime of colluding bidding,we should not only consider the necessity of punishment,but also judge the illegality of substance and inherent in criminal law according to the requirement of the principle of legality and the principle of infringement of legal interests.Furthermore,the understanding of illegality should be relative in differert branches of law.
出处
《法学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2024年第3期62-75,共14页
Law Science
关键词
串通投标罪
类推解释
围标
法益侵害性
刑法固有的违法性
crime of colluding bidding
analogical interpretation
enclosing bid
infringement of legal interests
inherent illegalityof criminal law
