摘要
《民法典》第1176条规定的自甘风险规范是一项独立的法定免责事由,在其规则范围内,并无受害人同意、过失相抵以及公平责任适用空间。文体活动主要指的是体育活动,也包括杂技、团体操等具有一定风险的文娱活动。“一定风险”应理解为超出日常的特殊风险;“自愿参加具有一定风险的文体活动”,包含知道风险的认识要素和自愿承担风险的同意要素。运动员(包括替补队员)、教练员,以及裁判人员均属于“参加者”。行为人是否具有故意或者重大过失,需要根据是否违反规则,文体活动对违反规则的行为的容忍程度,行为人对造成损害后果是否可以预见等因素综合判断。
The voluntary risk norm stipulated in Article 1176 of the Civil Code is an independent statutory exemption,and within the scope of its rules,there is no room for victim consent,negligence,and fair liability.Cultural and sports activities mainly refer to sports activities,but also include acrobatics,group gymnastics and other cultural and recreational activities with certain risks.“Certain risks”should be understood as special risks beyond the daily;“voluntary participation in cultural and sports activities with certain risks”includes the elements of awareness of knowing the risks and the elements of consent to voluntarily take risks.Athletes(including substitutes),coaches,and referees are all“participants”.Whether the perpetrator has intentional or gross negligence needs to be comprehensively judged based on factors such as whether the perpetrator violates the rules,the tolerance level of the cultural and sports activities for the violation of the rules,and whether the perpetrator can foresee the consequences of the damage.
出处
《清华法律评论》
2023年第1期75-95,共21页
Tsinghua Law Review
关键词
自甘冒险
过失相抵
法定免责事由
Willing to Take Risks
Negligence Offset
Statutory Exemptions
作者简介
尹志强,中国政法大学民商经济法学院教授。
