摘要
东西部协作是推动区域协调发展、促进共同富裕的重大战略部署,是独具中国特色的区域发展政策。本文将东西部协作的主要政策工具纳入新经济地理学理论模型,以2008年东西部协作实施考核政策作为准自然实验,采用2000—2016年县级层面数据,使用双重差分模型估计了东西部协作政策对362个受援县产生的地区经济增长效应。研究发现,东西部协作政策显著提升受援县的实际GDP和人均GDP,明显缩小受援县与其省会城市的发展差距。机制分析表明,东西部协作政策促进结对县间要素流动,呈现劳动力要素“逆梯度流动”、人力资本和资本要素“顺梯度流动”的特征;政策冲击显著促进受援县地方化经济发展和制造业结构优化升级,增强结对县间产业结构互补性。考虑政策冲击的外溢影响发现,东西部协作政策对地区经济增长的提升作用更多来自创造效应而非转移效应,且并非以牺牲施援县经济增长为代价。政策冲击对于结对县间发展差距更大、产业互补性更强、地理距离较近、使用“县县结对”模式、施援县经济实力更强、受援县政府生产性公共品支出比例更高的样本具有更好的政策效果。本文为进一步完善中国特色的对口支援和东西部协作机制提供了重要启示。
China's East-West Cooperation policy is a prominent counterpart support policy that aims to enhance the economic performance of less-developed regions and alleviate spatial disparities.This paper employs the East-West Cooperation policy to investigate the economic consequences of local government cooperation between eastern China and western China. This study enriches the theoretical model of new economic geography and uses paired county data for verification.This paper first incorporates spatial cooperation into a new geographic model. Our theoretical analysis disentangles the economic mechanism of the East-West Cooperation policy and shows that the policy will boost the economic development of the western region by enhancing human capital accumulation,firm investment,and exports of low-skilled labor. This paper then empirically examines the economic consequences of the policy using China's county-level socio-economic data from 2000 to2016. Specifically,this paper takes the assessment policy of China's East-West Cooperation in 2008 as a quasi-natural experiment and examines the economic effect in a difference-in-difference framework.Our empirical analysis shows that the East-West Cooperation policy has significantly increased the real GDP and per capita GDP of the counties in the western region,and significantly reduced the spatial inequality among the western provinces. Mechanism tests indicate that factor mobility is a crucial channel shaping the policy effect. Specifically,the policy promotes the outflows of local labor,and inflows of skilled labor and capital to the western counties. In addition to the economic promoting effect,the policy also promotes industrial linkages between the paired counties and upgrades western counties' industrial structure. This paper further finds that such an effect is governed by the economic creation effect instead of the diversion effect,indicating that the policy effect is not at the cost of the growth of the eastern counties. Heterogeneity analysis shows that the policy effect is more pronounced for paired counties with larger economic gaps,stronger industry complementarity,closer geographical distance,more developed eastern counties and larger public infrastructure shares of western counties.By studying the economic effects of local government cooperation between eastern China and western China, this paper provides valuable policy implications for designing spatial policies to alleviate spatial inequality and deepen economic integration across regions in China. Firstly,the central government should strengthen the incentive system to promote local government cooperation.Secondly,the key role of factor mobility should be emphasized in the process of local government cooperation. Thirdly,the pairing relationship between local governments requires scientific planning.
作者
张可云
冯晟
席强敏
ZHANG Ke-yun;FENG Sheng;XI Qiang-min(School of Applied Economics,Renmin University of China)
出处
《中国工业经济》
CSSCI
北大核心
2023年第12期61-79,共19页
China Industrial Economics
基金
国家自然科学基金青年项目“开发区重点产业政策对资源配置效率的影响:微观机制与政策优化”(批准号72003190)。
关键词
东西部协作
对口支援
考核政策
效应评估
要素流动
East-West Cooperation
counterpart support
assessment policy
effect evaluation
factormobility
作者简介
张可云,中国人民大学应用经济学院教授,博士生导师,经济学博士;冯晟,中国人民大学应用经济学院博士研究生;通讯作者:席强敏,中国人民大学应用经济学院副教授,博士生导师,经济学博士。电子邮箱:xqm@ruc.edu.cn。
