摘要
[目的]探究不同位置鱼鳞坑的水土保持效果,确定合理的鱼鳞坑布置原则,为生态脆弱区鱼鳞坑选址与效果评估提供实证研究。[方法]以坝上草原千松坝为研究区,在阴坡、阳坡和河谷分别设置样地,对比鱼鳞坑区和对照区的水土状况,分析不同位置鱼鳞坑对生物量、土壤容重、根系层和土壤养分的影响。[结果](1)阳坡、阴坡、河谷的鱼鳞坑均增加了地上生物量、地下生物量、根系深度、TN含量,DOC等指标,降低了土壤容重。(2)阴坡、阳坡、河谷的鱼鳞坑水土保持效果差异较大;阴坡、阳坡鱼鳞坑均能显著增加植被的根系深度(p<0.05)(阴坡104.19%,阳坡42.87%),而阴坡鱼鳞坑对土壤容重、TN含量、地上生物量的影响更显著(p<0.05)(分别减少9.26%,增加148.05%,增加136.32%);河谷鱼鳞坑能显著增加土壤氨氮和硝态氮(p<0.05)(125.16%,174.53%)。(3)鱼鳞坑位置、修建时间对水土保持指标影响较大,坡位的影响较小;随着鱼鳞坑修建时间的增长,地上地下生物量、TN含量、根系深度增加,土壤氧化还原电位降低。(4)土壤侵蚀严重地区的鱼鳞坑水土保持效果更显著。[结论]鱼鳞坑水土保持效果显著,阴坡鱼鳞坑效果较阳坡显著,河谷鱼鳞坑提高土壤氨氮和硝态氮的效果较阴坡、阳坡显著,且随着鱼鳞坑修建时间增长,水土保持效果增强。应因地制宜地在阴坡、河谷修建鱼鳞坑,以增强鱼鳞坑的水土保持效果。
[Objective] The effects of fish-scale pits at different locations on soil and water conservation were studied in order to define underlying layout principles for fish-scale pits,and to provide information for fish-scale pit site selection and effect evaluation in ecologically fragile areas.[Methods] The study was conducted at Qiansongba in the Bashang grassland area.Plots were established in shady slope,sunny slope,and river valley areas.The effects of fish-scale pits on plant biomass and root system,soil bulk density,and soil nutrient loss were determined.[Results](1) Aboveground biomass,underground biomass,rooting depth,total nitrogen(TN) and dissolved organic carbon were increased for fish-scale pits on the sunny slope,shady slope,and river valley,and the soil bulk density was decreased compared with a control area.(2) The effects of fish-scale pits on shady slope,sunny slope,and river valley locations were different.Fish-scale pits on the shady slope and sunny slope significantly increased rooting depth(p<0.05)(104.19% and 42.87%,respectively).Compared with fish-scale pits at the sunny slope,fish scale pits at the shady slope also had significant effects on soil bulk density,TN content,and aboveground biomass(p<0.05)(-9.26%,148.05%,and 136.32%,respectively).Ammonia nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen for the fish-scale pit at the river valley location were significantly higher than for the control group(p<0.05)(125.16% and 174.53%,respectively).(3) Fish-scale pit location and construction time were the most important factors influencing soil and water conservation,rather than slope position.As fish-scale pit construction time increased,aboveground biomass,underground biomass,TN content,and rooting depth increased,and soil redox potential decreased.(4) The effects of fish-scale pits on soil and water conservation in areas with severe soil erosion was more significant than in areas with less erosion.[Conclusion] Fish-scale pits produced significant soil and water conservation effects.The fish-scale pit on the shady slope had more significant soil storage and soil conservation effects than the fish-scale pit on the sunny slope.The fish-scale pit in the river valley had a greater ability to improve soil ammonia and nitrate nitrogen levels than the shady slope and sunny slope pits.Soil and water conservation was enhanced with the increase of construction time of fish-scale pits.In order to improve soil and water conservation effects,fish-scale pits should be built on shady slopes and in river valleys according to local conditions.
作者
王岚园
王一宁
任泳宁
黄凌冰
孙雨润
战金艳
刘世梁
谢湉
Wang Lanyuan;Wang Yining;Ren Yongning;Huang Lingbing;Sun Yurun;Zhan Jinyan;Liu Shiliang;Xie Tian(School of Environment,State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulatian,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China)
出处
《水土保持通报》
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第6期89-97,共9页
Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation
基金
国家自然科学基金项目“‘三北’防护林工程坝上段生态效率评估”(41771546)。
关键词
坝上草原
千松坝
鱼鳞坑
微地形修复
水土流失
土壤养分流失
Bashang grassland
Qiansongba
fish-scale pit
micro-topography restoration
water and soil loss
soil nutrient loss
作者简介
第一作者:王岚园(2001-),女(汉族),山东省烟台市人,北京师范大学环境学院本科毕业,现为清华大学地球系统科学博士研究生,研究方向为草原植物群落。Email:lanyuanw@163.com;通信作者:谢湉(1988-),男(汉族),甘肃省天水市人,博士,副教授,主要从事生态保护与修复方面的研究。Email:tianxie@bnu.edu.cn。
