一切为了理论——理论化与整合性的案例选择策略被引量：15

For the Sake of Theory:Theorizing and Integrative Case Selection Strategies

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摘要案例选择策略在理论生成和理论验证中具有重要作用,不同案例类型与理论化之间的关系值得展开讨论。基于不同的理论作用和受控比较的基本思维,可以归纳出三种主要的案例选择策略:第一种策略基于理论预期与现实案例的受控比较,用于选择最不可能案例或最可能案例;第二种策略通过求异或求同的受控比较设计,分别选择结果不同的最大相似案例或结果相同的最大差异案例;第三种策略综合了前两种策略的案例类型和比较思路,通过建构因果条件组合的类型学选择,既能支持理论生成又能进行理论验证的多样性案例,并以此作为跨案例比较与案例内分析的基础。在综合分析这三种策略的差异与共性的基础上,作者探讨了如何将这些多元的案例选择策略整合为统一的分析框架。除了通过跨案例比较和条件验证型案例内分析构建理论外,这一框架还强调了一种案例内多阶段受控比较的机制分析思路,能够更有效地结合理论生成与理论验证。 This paper scrutinizes the pivotal role of case selection strategies in theory formulation and testing,delving into the association between varying case types and theorizing.With diverse theoretical functionalities and the principle of controlled comparison,we primarily investigate three case selection strategies.The first strategy utilizes controlled comparisons between theoretical expectations and actual cases to identify the leastlikely case and the most likely case.The second strategy leverages controlled comparisons to pinpoint the most similar cases with disparate outcomes or the most different cases with similar outcomes.The third strategy amalgamates case types and comparative methodologies,as derived from the prior two strategies.Through the construction of typologies predicated on diverse combinations of causal conditions,this strategy is employed to select cases that theoretically support,oppose,or complicate the theory,thereby facilitating both the formulation and testing of a theory.Moreover,it serves as the foundation for cross-case comparisons and within-case analyses.Acknowledging the differences and similarities among these three strategies,this paper explores the amalgamation of multiple case selection strategies into an integrative analytical framework.Besides conventional cross-case comparisons and within-case exploratoryy analyses,this framework underscores the value of a within-case analysis of multi-stage controlled comparisons,thereby establishing a strong connection between theory formulation and testing.

作者游宇陈超 You Yu;Chen Chao

机构地区厦门大学公共事务学院上海交通大学国际与公共事务学院

出处《世界经济与政治》 CSSCI 北大核心 2023年第12期144-167,172,共25页 World Economics and Politics

基金国家社会科学基金一般项目(项目批准号:23BZZ021)的阶段性研究成果。

关键词案例选择理论生成理论验证比较方法案例内分析 case selection theory formulation theory testing comparative method within-case analysis

分类号 D815 [政治法律—国际关系]

作者简介游宇,厦门大学公共事务学院副教授(厦门邮编:361005);陈超,上海交通大学国际与公共事务学院副教授(上海邮编:200030)。