非对称政经结构与族群冲突——对四个非洲前殖民地国家的考察被引量：8

Asymmetric Political-Economic Structure and Ethnic Conflicts: Evidence from Four Former African Colonial Countries

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摘要族群冲突是冷战后集体暴力的主要形态,也是长期困扰当今世界和平与发展的突出议题,因此有必要剖析族群冲突产生的原因,并提出有效的族群治理方案。事实表明,前殖民地国家的族群冲突比其他国家更为普遍,但不同的前殖民地国家族群冲突的烈度存在很大差异。作者在现有研究的基础上,提出一个解释前殖民地国家族群冲突差异的新框架——非对称族群政经结构模型。殖民者早期对殖民地不同的统治策略使当地形成了迥异的族群政经结构,族群政经结构影响前殖民国家独立后的再分配激励。如果前殖民地国家被施以少数派统治策略,就会形成非对称族群政经结构,独立后更易爆发高烈度族群冲突;如果前殖民国家被施以直接统治策略,就会形成对称族群政经结构,独立后的族群冲突则会受到抑制。非对称政经结构与一系列催化、遏制因素交互作用,将对冲突烈度产生重要影响。对非洲四个前殖民地国家卢旺达、津巴布韦、塞内加尔和尼日利亚的比较分析表明,非对称族群政经结构模型不仅对前殖民地国家的族群冲突烈度差异有较强解释力,而且有助于厘清和识别一系列催化和遏制因素对冲突的影响,为解释族群冲突成因以及提出有效的族群冲突管控方案提供新的启示。 Ethnic conflict is the main form of collective violence after the Cold War.Also,it is a prominent challenge to world peace and development.Therefore,it is necessary to analyze the causes of ethnic conflicts and put forward effective measures to manage ethnic conflicts.As it turns out,ethnic-related conflicts are more common in former colonial countries than in other countries.However,the variations of ethnic conflict intensity within these former colonial countries are still significant.This article introduces a new theoretical framework to explain the difference of ethnic conflicts in former colonial countries:the asymmetric model of a political-economic structure.It argues that ethnic political and economic structures matter for the redistribution incentives of the former colonial countries after independence.And the formation of different ethnic political and economic structures can be attributed to the different ruling strategies of colonizers.If a former colonial country was subject to minority ruling strategy,it would create an asymmetric ethnic political and economic structure,which in turn would lead to high-intensity ethnic conflicts after independence;if a former colonial country was subject to direct ruling strategy,it would form asymmetric ethnic political and economic structure,and the ethnic conflicts would be restrained after independence.At the same time,the author also found that the interaction of asymmetric structure and a series of catalytic and containment factors has an important impact on the intensity of the ethnic conflict.A comparative case study of four Africa former colonial countries-Rwanda,Zimbabwe,Senegal,and Nigeria,shows that the asymmetric model has strong explanatory power.It also helps to clarify and identify the impact of a series of catalytic and containment factors on conflicts,which provides new inspiration to explain and manage ethnic conflicts.

作者吴纪远黄振乾 Wu Jiyuan;Huang Zhenqian(School of International Relations and Public Affairs,Fudan University;School of Humanities and Development,Chinese Agricultural University)

机构地区复旦大学国际关系与公共事务学院中国农业大学人文与发展学院

出处《世界经济与政治》 CSSCI 北大核心 2021年第4期82-112,158-159,共33页 World Economics and Politics

关键词族群冲突殖民统治少数派治理策略机会结构非对称结构 ethnic conflict colonial rule minority rule strategy opportunity structure asymmetric model

分类号 D815 [政治法律—国际关系] D066 [政治法律—政治学]

作者简介吴纪远,复旦大学国际关系与公共事务学院博士研究生(上海邮编:200433);黄振乾,中国农业大学人文与发展学院副教授(北京邮编:100083)。