摘要
山西省中药材资源丰富,道地药材达30多种,如黄芪、黄芩、党参、连翘、柴胡等。从道地药材的分布、活性成分和药用功效、分子生物学和生理生态等方面概述了山西省道地药材研究成果。受地理位置、地形地貌、气候条件、土壤类型等因素的影响,山西省从南到北集中分布的道地药材存在差异,南部的种类多于中部和北部。山西省道地中药材中多含有生物碱、有机酸、皂苷类、黄酮类以及多糖类等活性成分,这些活性成分具有多种药用功效,如抗炎症、抗氧化、调节免疫力、抑制癌细胞生长等。目前,分子生物标记、PCR及优化的PCR分析技术如SSR-PCR和RAPD-PCR反应体系应用于山西省中药材鉴定和基因克隆及表达分析等方面的研究已多有报道。山西省道地药材普遍具有一定的抗逆性,如抗盐性、抗旱性和抗重金属胁迫,这是与其生长环境长期适应的结果。目前的研究成果多是针对人工栽培的药用植物品种,对野生品种的道地药材的研究相对较少,今后应注重野生品种的研究和开发利用,同时注重培育新品种,提高山西省道地中药材的产量和质量,更好地应用于中医药产业。
Shanxi has rich resources of Chinese herbal medicines,there are more than 30 kinds of genuine medicinal materials,such as Astragalus membranaceus(Fisch.),Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi,Codonopsis pilosula(Franch.)Nannf.,Forsythia suspense(Thunb.)Vahl,and Bupleurum chinense DC..In this article,the research achievements of Shanxi genuine medicinal materials were summarized from the perspectives of geographical distribution,active constituent and medicinal function,molecular biology,and physiology and ecology of genuine medicinal materials.The results showed that influenced by geographical location,topographic features,climate conditions,soil types and other factors,there were differences in the distribution of Shanxi genuine medicinal materials from south to north in Shanxi,with more species in the south than in the middle and north.The Shanxi genuine medicinal materials mostly contained alkaloids,organic acids,saponins,flavonoids,polysaccharides and other active ingredients,which had a variety of medicinal function,such as anti-inflammatory,antioxidation,immune regulation,and cancer cell growth inhibition.It has been reported that molecular biological marker,PCR and optimized PCR analysis techniques,such as SSR-PCR and RAPD-PCR reaction systems,were applied to the identification of traditional Chinese medicine and gene cloning and expression analysis.Shanxi genuine medicinal materials generally had certain stress resistance,such as salt resistance,drought resistance,and resistance to heavy metal stress,which was the result of longterm adaptation to their growth environment.However,it was found that most of the existing research results all came from artificially cultivated medicinal plant varieties,and there was little research on wild varieties of genuine medicinal materials.In the future,more attention should be focus on the development and utilization of wild varieties and the breeding for new varieties,so as to improve the yield and quality of Shanxi genuine Chinese medicinal materials for better application in Chinese medicine industry.
作者
高昆
林洪源
GAO Kun;LIN Hongyuan(School of Agronomy and Life Science,Shanxi Datong University,Datong 037009,China;Datong Rural Revitalization Research Institute,Datong 037009,China;Facility AgriculturalTechnology Research and Development Center,Shanxi Datong University,Datong 037009,China)
出处
《山西农业科学》
2023年第12期1457-1467,共11页
Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences
基金
大同市平城区科技局应用基础项目(202107)
山西大同大学2021年度乡村振兴专项(2021XCZXZ7)。
关键词
山西省道地中药材
地理分布
有效成分
药用功效
逆境胁迫
Shanxi genuine Chinese medicinal materials
geographical distribution
active constituent
medicinal function
stress
作者简介
高昆(1970-),女,山西大同人,副教授,硕士,主要从事药用植物生理生态学研究工作。
