摘要
近年来,国内对于公共危机中的个体行为研究更加关注,此类研究也呈现出政治学、管理学、社会学、心理学、传播学等多学科交叉的特征,因此,针对公共危机情境下产生的公众应急行为的具体类型、解释理论和形塑机制来进行系统的综述研究。研究发现:公众作为公共危机情境和具体制度环境中的亲历者,在公共危机应对过程中会产生多种类型的应急行为,如避难行为、利他行为、信息行为、恐慌行为、越轨行为等;而公众对外界情境的变化适应、对危机情形的理解认知、对影响情绪变化的风险感知,这三种研究视角均可以为个体应急行为提供一定的解释和理论支撑。此外,通过梳理现有文献提出个体应急行为的形塑框架,即客观环境与行为主体原始的静态差异以及后续的动态发展,是影响公众应急行为产生和行为演化的主要因素,而信息提供、物资供给、信任建构和行为引导是公共危机情境下政府对公众个体应急行为的主要干预方式。
In recent years,domestic scholars have paid more attention to the study of individual behavior in public crises,and such studies are characterized by the multidisciplinary intersection of politics,management,sociology,psy-chology,and communication.This paper conducts a systematic review of the specific types,explanatory theories,and shaping mechanisms of public emergency behavior in public crises,and finds that the public,as the witnesses to pub-lic crises in specific institutional environments,produces a variety of emergency behavior in response to public crises,such as refuge behavior,altruistic behavior,information behavior,panic behavior and deviant behavior.The public’s adaptation to changes in external situations,their understanding of the crises,and their perception of the risks that can affect emotional changes,can all provide some explanation and theoretical support for the emergence of individual emergency behavior.In addition,the paper formulates the shaping framework of individual emergency behavior by re-viewing the existing literature,and finds that the original static differences between the objective environment and the behavior subject,and the subsequent dynamic development are the main factors that affect the emergence and evolu-tion of public emergency behavior.The major intervention ways for the government to help shape individual emergen-cy behavior are information provision,material supply,trust building,and behavior guidance.
作者
钟爽
郑桂贤
欧昊麟
ZHONG Shuang;ZHENG Guixian;OU Haolin(School of Public Administration,Beihang University,Beijing 100083,China;School of Government,Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou Guangdong 510275,China)
出处
《北京航空航天大学学报（社会科学版）》
CSSCI
2023年第6期80-91,120,共13页
Journal of Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics：Social Sciences edition Edition
基金
国家自然科学基金面上项目(71774179)。
关键词
公共危机
应急管理
应急行为类型
应急行为干预
形塑框架
public crisis
emergency management
type of emergency behavior
emergency behavior intervention
shaping framework
作者简介
钟爽(1985-),女,山东济南人,教授,博士,研究方向为应急管理、卫生应急、(灾害)健康韧性治理.
