摘要
近年来我国水土保持事业取得长足发展,重要原因就是监测成果在政府决策、经济社会发展和社会公众服务方面发挥了日益重要的作用,为水土保持规划、设计、实施和效益评价提供了重要支撑。随着我国经济社会的发展,水土流失的形式、危害程度、治理难度、社会需求以及水土保持的工作重点发生了新的变化,水土保持监测也应随着社会变化逐步深入和拓展。围绕水土保持支撑美丽中国和生态文明建设的重大需求,剖析经济社会不断发展带来的水土保持工作新要求,分析水土保持监测现状和问题,提出新时代水土保持监测的目标和任务:1)以往高强度水土流失治理模式难以为继,应结合关键节点和路径形成精准化、定量化、全过程的监测,通过流域治理措施的科学布局为区域功能和产业发展提供支撑;2)水土流失监测应重点解决水土保持功能靶向治理、监测数据为经济社会高质量发展提供保障、针对不同生产建设项目制订相应标准等;3)建议从水土保持监测大数据云服务平台组成体系及业务逻辑、依据全国土壤侵蚀类型布局建设监测站网、从地表侵蚀过程机理出发构建侵蚀综合模型和水土流失地理影响因子大数据智能化标准化获取方法修正与改进4个焦点技术构建未来水土保持监测框架体系;4)从设立水土流失动态监测大数据平台、依据监测成果为生态文明建设提供服务支撑和新时代水土保持监测人才培养和成果推广3方面,提高监测管理与应用服务质量。此文明确现阶段水土流失治理工作的局限性,提出未来水土保持监测工作的路径,推动实现“从治理现象转向治理根源”。
[Background]With the development of China s economy and society,the forms,hazards,and governance difficulties of soil erosion are different from those in the past,and the needs of society have changed,based on the which the focus of soil and water conservation efforts has changed.Therefore,the ideas and methods of soil and water conservation monitoring should be adjusted according to the development of society and the advancement of science and technology.There is a vast territory with obvious differences in topography and geomorphology in China,which leads the types of soil erosion in China to be complex and many unique characteristics.Therefore,constructing a monitoring system that includes a variety of soil erosion and composite soil erosion to provide support for soil and water conservation research is a critical needs for building the foundation of the of soil and water conservation in China.[Methods]Focusing on the major demand of soil and water conservation to support the development of ecological civilization and the conservation of a beautiful China,this paper explored the new approaches of soil and water conservation,analyzed the current situation of the monitoring,identified the issues existing in the monitoring process,and proposed the goals and tasks of soil and water conservation monitoring in the new era.[Results]1)The current monitoring of soil erosion has the following problems:①there are limitations in the objectives;②the infrastructure of monitoring stations is difficult to support quantitative and accurate calculations;③there is a lack of dynamic models of water and sediment processes to support quantitative and accurate calculations;④the differences between the spatial distribution data of various factors of soil erosion and ground monitoring data have not been effectively fitted.With the increasing demand for infrastructure protection,the regulation of watershed water and sediment processes will become an important goal for soil and water conservation.2)This paper suggested that the framework system for future soil and water conservation monitoring should be established by the following four key technologies:①the composition system and business logic of the big data cloud service platform for soil and water conservation monitoring;②the construction of the monitoring station network based on the layout of the national soil erosion types with the two erosion dynamics of hydraulic and wind power as the main line;③the construction of the comprehensive model of two types of erosion from the mechanism of surface erosion process on the basis of monitoring data;④revision and improvement of intelligent and standardized acquisition method of large data of soil erosion geographic influence factors.3)This paper also suggested that special research institutions should be established to support the authoritative and sustainable development of dynamic monitoring of soil and water conservation,and big data warehouse and intelligent application service platform for dynamic monitoring of soil and water loss should be established to accurately calculate space-time data of and water soil loss in real time,and provide service support for ecological civilization construction based on monitoring results.[Conclusions]This paper proposes the development path of soil and water conservation monitoring in the future and analyzes the spatial layout of soil erosion monitoring in China.The new monitoring technology system of soil and water conservation will provide more information and data which is essential to make better understanding on soil and water erosion control at the present stage,and promote the realization of turning from governance phenomenon to root cause,which can provide reference for related work.
作者
史明昌
赵永军
SHI Mingchang;ZHAO Yongjun(School of Soil and Water Conservation,Beijing Forestry University,100083,Beijing,China;The Center of Soil and Water Conservation Monitoring,Ministry of Water Resources,100053,Beijing,China)
出处
《中国水土保持科学》
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第5期146-154,共9页
Science of Soil and Water Conservation
关键词
水土保持监测
模型
监测站网
技术体系
soil and water conservation monitoring
model
monitoring station network
technology system
作者简介
第一作者:史明昌(1969—),男,博士,教授,博士生导师。主要研究方向:地理信息科学理论与技术及其在生态领域的应用。E-mail:shimc@bjfu.edu.cn;通信作者:赵永军(1969—),男,博士,教授级高级工程师。主要研究方向:水土保持。E-mail:yongjun_zhao@163.com。
