摘要
为摸清广州神农草堂中医药博物馆保存药用植物种质资源状况,了解南药品种的生态适宜性,采用实地调查,结合文献资料查阅,对馆内药用植物开展调查研究。结果显示馆内保存有药用植物809种,隶属于156科589属,优势科主要集中在菊科(Asteraceae)、豆科(Fabaceae)、唇形科(Lamiaceae)、大戟科(Euphorbiaceae)等14个科,共347种,占总种数的42.89%,优势属不明显。药用植物生活型主要以草本为主,占49.44%。入药部位以全草、根和根茎、叶及果实种子为主。892种药材被2020版《药典》收载的有245种,药性以寒性药为主,药味以苦、甘、辛味药为主,合占92.61%。按功效分类,数量最多的是清热药,有274种,占比30.72%。系统总结了神农草堂中医药博物馆药用植物种质资源保育现状,并综合分析目前存在的问题,针对性地提出了博物馆在药用植物资源保护与利用方面的建议,为后期开展南药生态适宜性区划研究奠定基础。
To find out the distribution and utilization status of medicinal plant resources in Shennong Traditional Chinese Medi⁃cine Museum(SNTCMM)and understand the ecological suitability of southern medicine varieties,the medicinal plants were inves⁃tigated by field investigation and literature review.The results show that there are 809 species of medicinal plants in the garden,be⁃longing to 156 families and 589 genera.The dominant families are mainly concentrated in 14 families,including Compositae,Legu⁃minosae,Labiatae and Euphorbiaceae,with a total of 347 species,accounting for 42.89%,while the dominant genera are not obvi⁃ous.The most of the life type are herbs,accounting for 49.44%.The medicinal parts are mainly whole grass,roots and rhizomes,leaves,fruits and seeds.There are 245 kinds of 892 medicinal materials recorded in the 2020 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia.The medicinal properties are mainly cold drugs,and the flavors are mainly bitter,sweet and pungent,accounting for 92.61%.Ac⁃cording to the efficacy classification,the heat⁃clearing drugs take the most propotion,with 274 kinds,accounting for 30.72%.This paper systematically summarizes the current situation of conservation of medicinal plant germplasm resources in SNTCMM,and comprehensively analyzes the existing problems,and puts forward relevant suggestions in the protection and utilization of me⁃dicinal plant resources,so as to lay a foundation for the later research on the ecological suitability regionalization of southern medi⁃cine.
作者
夏静
谢德媚
王德勤
张慧晔
李楚源
XIA Jing;XIE Demei;WANG Deqin;ZHANG Huiye;LI Chuyuan(Guangzhou Baiyun Mountain and Hutchison Whampoa Ltd.,Guangzhou 510515,Guangdong,China)
出处
《生物资源》
CAS
2023年第3期276-283,共8页
Biotic Resources
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD1600301)
南药资源综合开发国际合作重点研究室项目(国中医药科技函[2010]204)。
关键词
药用植物
种质资源
资源调查
中医药博物馆
medicinal plant
germplasm resource
resource survey
Chinese medicine museum
作者简介
夏静(1987-),女,副主任中药师,研究方向:中药资源保护与利用。E-mail:eveningxia@163.com;通讯联系人:李楚源(1965-),男,正高级工程师,研究方向:中药资源开发和中药质量研究。E-mail:lcy_gpc@163.com。
