摘要
数字经济是推动产业变革和要素重新配置的重要引擎。本文从理论层面剖析了数字经济发展对服务业就业的影响机理,并利用2014年和2016年中国劳动力动态调查数据进行实证检验。研究发现,数字经济发展对服务业就业产生了“倒U型”影响,且在女性劳动力、高中及以下学历劳动力以及经济发达地区的影响更为明显。从服务业细分行业来看,批发和零售贸易、餐饮业、金融保险业以及社会服务业的“倒U型”关系更为显著;基于细分行业与个体受教育程度的双重视角发现,数字经济发展增加了高学历劳动力进入交通运输、仓储及邮电通信业与卫生、体育和社会福利业的就业概率,并提升了低学历劳动力进入社会服务业、卫生、体育和社会福利业以及教育、文化艺术和广播电影电视业的就业概率。鉴于“倒U型”影响和当前数字经济促进服务业就业的现实,中国在积极发展数字经济的同时应大力发展新兴服务业和加强劳动力职业技能培训,科学协调服务业细分行业数字化转型,以缓解社会就业压力。
Digital economy is an important engine driving industrial transformation and factor reallocation.This paper explores the mechanism of the digital economy development on employment in the service industry from a theoretical perspective,and then it uses the China Labor-force Dynamic Survey(CLDS)data in 2014 and 2016 to conduct empirical tests.It is found that the development of digital economy has an"inverted U-shaped"association with the employment scale in the service industry.Particularly,the development of digital economy significant affects employment in the wholesale and retail trade,catering,finance and insurance,as well as social service industries.Also,females,those with high school or lower education,and those from economically developed areas,are significantly affected by the digital economy.Based on the dual perspectives of segmented industries and individual education level,it is found that the development of digital economy increases the employment probability of highly educated labor force in transportation,storage,post and telecommunications,health,sports and social welfare industries.Meanwhile,it increases the employment probability of the low-educated labor force entering the social service industry,health,sports and social welfare industries,education,culture and art,radio,film and television industry.Given the findings,China should vigorously develop the service industry and strengthen vocational skills training in keeping pace with the surging digital economy,so as to relieve the pressure of employment.
作者
袁冬梅
吕书杰
龙瑞
Yuan Dongmei;Lv Shujie;Long Rui(Business School,Hunan Normal University)
出处
《劳动经济研究》
CSSCI
2023年第1期81-102,共22页
Studies in Labor Economics
基金
国家社会科学基金一般项目“产业结构转型升级与稳就业协同推进的实现机制与支撑政策研究”(项目编号:20BJL141)的资助。
关键词
数字经济发展
服务业就业
“倒U型”影响
职业技能培训
development of digital economy
service industry employment
“inverted U-shaped”effect
vocational skills training
作者简介
袁冬梅,湖南师范大学商学院,电子邮箱:ydmmay123@126.com;通讯作者:吕书杰,湖南师范大学商学院,电子邮箱:lvshujie1022@163.com;龙瑞,湖南师范大学商学院,电子邮箱:lrlrlrl11@126.com。
