《民法典》实施背景下行政协议相对性及其例外规则探微

On the relativity of administrative agreement and its exceptional rules in the context of the implementation of Civil Code

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摘要《民法典》对合同相对性及其突破规则予以了明确规定,而目前对行政协议相对性及其例外规则既缺乏制度支撑,也缺乏理论探讨。行政协议具有协商性、合意性特质,其缔结、履行及违约处理需要遵循合同相对性原则。相对性原则具有维护行政协议中的意思自治、保护第三人的行为自由及维护交易安全和秩序的功能。基于行政协议法律关系中行政主体职权调整的需要、行政主体行政优益权行使的需要和行政协议追求公共利益的需要,行政协议相对性例外规则具有特殊生成机理。行政协议相对性原则在行政协议第三人原告主体资格判断方面具有典型运用价值,需要在区分履行利益与固有利益、支配权与债权、代位权与撤销权等基础上考量行政协议相对性及其例外规则之运用。 The Civil code clearly stipulates the relativity of contract and its breakthrough rules,while the relativity of administrative agreement and its exception rules lack both institutional support and theoretical discussion.Administrative agreements have the characteristics of negotiation and desirability.The conclusion,performance and handling of breach of contract should follow the principle of contract relativity.The principle of relativity has the function of maintaining the autonomy of meaning in administrative agreements,protecting the behavior freedom of the third party,and maintaining the security and order of transactions.Based on the need to adjust the powers of administrative subjects in the legal relationship of administrative agreements,the need to exercise the administrative priority rights of administrative subjects,and the need to pursue public interests in administrative agreements,the exception rule of relativity in administrative agreements has a special generative mechanism.The Principle of relativity of administrative agreement has typical application value in the judgment of the plaintiff􀆳s subject qualification of the third party in the administrative agreement.It is necessary to consider the relativity of administrative agreement and the application of its exception rules on the basis of distinguishing between the interests of performance and inherent interests,the right of domination and creditor􀆳s rights,the right of subrogation and the right of revocation.

作者徐钝 XU Dun(Law School,Jiangnan University,Wuxi 214122,China)

机构地区江南大学法学院

出处《南京邮电大学学报（社会科学版）》 2023年第3期70-76,共7页 Journal of Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications(Social Science Edition)

基金江苏省社会科学基金一般项目“行政协议裁判准用《民法典》规范的原理与方法研究”(20FXB008)。

关键词《民法典》行政协议相对性例外规则第三人原告主体资格 Civil Code the relativity of administrative agreement exception rules the plaintiff􀆳s subject qualification of the third party

分类号 D923 [政治法律—民商法学]

作者简介徐钝,副教授,博士,研究方向:行政法与行政诉讼法学。