摘要
经反复细读,可以发现曹禺早期名剧《雷雨》中隐含着一种独特的叠翻诗学。所谓“叠翻诗学”,在此指的是营构戏剧诗境的一种艺术智慧:在剧作者的艺术构思及其外化过程中,戏剧情境的运动呈现“连续翻转(或翻升),惊奇不断;双管齐下、境界层深”的趋向,一方面是剧情跌宕起伏,愈翻愈奇,以强烈的戏剧性紧紧吸住观众的注意力,另一方面是剧意不断深化,通天尽人,以浓郁的诗意紧紧抓住观众的心魂。叠翻为表,诗境为里;表里融合,光辉频现。通过一系列叠翻,《雷雨》远远超越了“暴露大家庭的罪恶”这一社会学层次,也超越了“纯粹的戏剧性”这一戏剧学层面,达到了戏剧性与诗性密切融合的审美境界,从而具备了经典性内质。与亚里士多德在《诗学》中提出的“突转”相比,《雷雨》中的“叠翻”更为复杂:“突转”作为一个“点”,有助于营构曲折的情节,造成戏剧性效果;“叠翻”作为一个“模块”,至少有助于开显人性的深渊,或催开生命的火花,达到戏剧性与诗性高度融合的审美境界。
Cao Yu’s multilayered-reversing poetics,a kind of artistic wisdom in constructing a dramatic and poetic realm,is what contemporary playwrights can learn from his early play Thunderstorm.In the process of the playwright’s artistic conception and its externalization,the movement of the dramatic situation shows the tendency of“continuous turnings (or turning up)and constant surprises;parallel approaches and a deeply-layered realm”.The audience’s attention is not only held by the twists and turns in the plot,which add to the wonder of the drama;it is also gripped by the rich poetry of the play,with continuously deepened meaning,the poetics covering both the divine and the humanistic.The fusion of two sides,multilayered reversals and the poetic realm,is where the glory of the play is frequently seen.The layers and reversals make Thunderstorm go far beyond the sociological level of“exposed sins of the extended family”and beyond the theatrical level of“pure drama”.The play has reached an aesthetic realm where the dramatic and the poetic are intertwined,thus taking on a classical essence.The layers and reversals in the play are more complex than peripeteia,proposed by Aristotle in Poetics.Peripeteia,or a turning“point”,helps to construct an intricate plot and to create a dramatic effect.The multilayered-reversing poetics,as a“module”,reveals the abyss and sparkles of humanity and combines theatricality and poetry aesthetically.
作者
汪余礼
吴鹰
Wang Yuli;Wu Ying
出处
《戏剧（中央戏剧学院学报）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2023年第1期78-92,共15页
Drama:The Journal of the Central Academy of Drama
关键词
《雷雨》
戏剧诗境
叠翻诗学
通天尽人
经典性内质
Thunderstorm
dramatic and poetic realm
multilayered-reversing poetics
the divine and the humanistic
classic essence
作者简介
汪余礼,武汉大学艺术学院教授。;吴鹰,武汉大学艺术学院博士生。
