摘要
蒸发是水分循环中的重要环节,深入研究各个气象要素对蒸发变化的影响,对气候变化、生态恢复和水资源利用都具有重要的意义。利用联合国粮食及农业组织(Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations,FAO)修正的Penman-Monteith模型计算1980—2019年珠江流域的潜在蒸散发量(ET_(0)),使用Mann-Kendall非参数检验法和反距离权重法分析潜在蒸散发量的时空分布特征,并利用主成分分析法分析其影响因素。结果表明:(1)珠江流域多年平均ET_(0)为1 145.8 mm,增长率为1.37 mm/a,呈现上升趋势,四季中春季(0.56 mm/a)、秋季(0.4 mm/a)和冬季(0.44 mm/a)呈上升趋势,夏季(-0.03 mm/a)呈下降趋势;(2)珠江流域多年平均ET_(0)的空间分布情况主要表现为东西高、中间低和南高北低的特点,夏、秋、冬季ET_(0)分布较为相似,而春季ET_(0)分布与夏、秋、冬季呈现相反的特点;(3)温度、平均水汽压和海拔高度是ET_(0)变化的主导因子,对ET_(0)的变化起正贡献的因子有温度、平均水汽压、日照时数和风速,而海拔、纬度和相对湿度对ET_(0)的变化是负贡献。
Evaporation is an important link in the water cycle,and in-depth studies on the influence of various meteorological factors on evaporation changes are of great significance for climate change,ecological restoration,and utilization of water resources.In this study,the Penman-Monteith model modified by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations(FAO) is used to calculate the potential evaporation(ET_(0)) in the Pearl River Basin from 1980 to 2019.The Mann-Kendall non-parametric test method and inverse distance weighting method are used to analyze the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of the ET_(0),and the principal component analysis method is used to analyze the influencing factors.The results show that:(1) The average ET_(0) of the Pearl River Basin is 1 145.8 mm,and the growth rate is 1.37 mm/a,which shows an increasing trend.In terms of four seasons,the growth rate increases in spring(0.56 mm/a),autumn(0.4 mm/a),and winter(0.44 mm/a) but decreases in summer(-0.03 mm/a).(2) In terms of spatial distribution,the annual average ET_(0) of the Pearl River Basin is high in the east,west,and south but low in the middle and north.The distribution of ET_(0 )in summer,autumn,and winter is similar.However,the distribution of ET_(0) in spring is opposite to that in summer,autumn,and winter.(3) Temperature,average water vapor pressure,and altitude are the leading factors of ET_(0) changes.Factors such as temperature,average water vapor pressure,sunshine duration,and wind speed make positive contributions to ET_(0),while altitude,latitude,and relative humidity make negative contributions to ET_(0) changes.
作者
左大幸
臧传富
汪丽娜
ZUO Daxing;ZANG Chuanfu;WANG Lina(School of Geography,South China Normal University,Guangzhou 510631,China)
出处
《人民珠江》
2022年第10期41-49,共9页
Pearl River
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(31660233)
广东省自然科学基金项目(2019A1515011627)。
作者简介
左大幸(1999-),男,硕士研究生,主要从事水文水资源等的研究工作。E-mail:739277765@qq.com;通信作者:臧传富(1983-),男,博士,研究员,主要从事生态水文、水文水资源和土地利用变化的研究等工作。E-mail:chuanfuzang@163.com。
