超越阶层限制的教育期望从何而来——基于儒家“学而至”的考察被引量：7

Overcoming Socio-Economic Disadvantage through Education:An Analysis of the Confucian Belief of“Achievement through Learning”

在线阅读下载PDF

导出

摘要教育期望是影响青少年教育成就的中介因素,受儒家文化影响,中国家庭普遍有着较高的教育期望,在一定程度上具有超越阶层限制的特征。以“学而至”为考察对象,儒家的教育期望指向的是人格修养,并推动其普遍化。其一,儒家“学而至”强调人格修养在教育成就中的优先性,使超越阶层限制的教育期望立足教育主体的平民化。其二,儒家将教育内容世俗化,教育成就的差异不构成人格修养的差异,以勉励底层民众形成教育期望。其三,儒家认为存在“不可学而至”的境况,教育期望可以超越阶层的限制,却不能违背个人禀赋的差异。在高等教育普及化的当下,学界应反思如何推动“学而至”成为普遍的教育期望。 High expectations improve students’performance,whereas low expectations seem to undermine their achievement.Studies also suggest that socio-economic status(SES)is a key factor influencing educational expectations:students from disadvantaged backgrounds receive rather low expectations and end up with poor achievement.However,educational expectations are influenced not only by SES but also by people’s beliefs about education.According to Confucianism,education is of vital importance and can help people overcome their socio-economic disadvantage.Motivated by the Confucian belief of“Achievement through Learning”(that is,people can achieve a lot more via effective training and diligent learning),many Asian students have fairly high expectations for themselves to achieve academic success.As a result,they often outperform peers from the same disadvantaged backgrounds and display higher levels of academic achievement.To be more specific,the Confucian belief of“Achievement through Learning”emphasizes the following three points:1)the primary purpose of education is nothing but character-building,which can be achieved by everyone through training and learning,therefore education needs to be democratized and becomes inclusive for all;2)students should be taught practical knowledge and real-life skills,and at the same time be guided to practice virtues in their daily life;3)education can help people achieve a lot more and overcome their socio-economic disadvantage,but it is not omnipotent,because hard work cannot always beat talent.

作者戴红宇辛治洋 Dai Hongyu;Xin Zhiyang

机构地区安徽师范大学教育科学学院安徽师范大学附属小学

出处《现代大学教育》 CSSCI 北大核心 2022年第3期9-17,111,共10页 Modern University Education

基金福建省以马克思主义为指导的哲学社会科学学科基础理论研究项目“共同富裕背景下乡城迁移家庭的教育期望研究”,项目编号:JSZM2021071。

关键词教育期望 “学而至” 儒家教育人格修养阶层限制个人禀赋家庭出身颜元 educational expectations “Achievement through Learning” cultivating virtues socio-economic disadvantage talent family backgrounds Yan Yuan(1635-1704)

分类号 G40 [文化科学—教育学原理] G640 [文化科学—高等教育学]

作者简介戴红宇(1987—),男,福建莆田人,安徽师范大学教育科学学院教育学专业博士研究生,从事教育基本理论、中国教育史研究;辛治洋(1978—),男,安徽安庆人,安徽师范大学附属小学校长,安徽师范大学教育科学学院教授、博士生导师,从事教育基本理论、德育和家庭教育研究,芜湖,241000。Email:daihy10@vip.163.com。