试论藏传佛教中国化历史进程被引量：17

On the Historical Process of Developing Tibetan Buddhism in the Chinese Context

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摘要佛教时间上产生于公元前6—前5世纪,空间上产生于古印度。在2500多年的发展历史中,佛教每到一处,都与当地的宗教文化相摄相融、自觉调适,又契理契机地改进了当时当地人民的宗教信仰和文化面貌,形成了形式多种、流传广泛、文化多样、层次不一的佛教信仰,书写了佛教的辉煌篇章,同时又保持了佛法固有的精神和特性。佛教传入中国西藏,无论是在传教方法上,还是在思想和实践上,都经过了一个不断中国化的过程。如何由佛教转变成中国藏传佛教,这涉及佛教本土化、民族化、地方化的问题,属于当下提出的藏传佛教中国化的研究范畴。文章试图从历史的维度,根据逻辑与历史相统一的原则,对藏传佛教中国化的几个历史阶段进行了全面回溯。并在此基础上,提出了几点管窥之见:一是藏传佛教中国化还远未结束,它是一个渐进的、动态的、不以人的主观愿望为转移的自然历史过程;二是宗教中国化并没有绝对的圭臬和模式可依,基于藏传佛教在不同的历史阶段所面临的问题,所选择的中国化道路和所采取的策略不尽相同;三是在中国坚持宗教的中国化方向,需要注重发展宗教的交往和融合能力,因为一味地排他,等待宗教的只有式微和解体的命运,就不会有健康传承发展之道路。 Buddhism originated in India in the sixth to fifth centuries B.C.,and over the next millennia it spread across Asia and the rest of the world.The introduction of Buddhism into China’s Tibet has gone through a process of continuous developing in the Chinese context,both in terms of missionary methods,as well as in thought and practice.Developing in the Chinese context is the primary reason that Buddhism flourished in the Tibetan highlands of China.From the perspective of history,this paper fully attempts to make a comprehensive retrospective of several historical phases of developing Tibetan Buddhism in the Chinese context.On this basis,this paper proposed a few views:First,developing Tibetan Buddhism in the Chinese context is far from over since it is a gradual and dynamic process that does not depend on people’s subjective wishes;second,there is no absolute standard for developing religions in the Chinese context since the problems faced by Tibetan Buddhism,the chosen paths and the strategies adopted by Tibetan Buddhism in different phases are totally different.And another is that upholding the principle of developing religions in the Chinese context needs to focus on developing the ability to communicate and integrate religions.Otherwise,religion only has the destiny of disintegration.

作者郑堆索朗卓玛 dGra-vdul;bSod-nams sGrol-ma

机构地区中国藏学研究中心中国藏学研究中心宗教研究所

出处《中国藏学》 CSSCI 北大核心 2022年第1期8-18,211,212,共13页 China Tibetology

关键词藏传佛教中国化历史进程 Tibetan Buddhism Principle of developing religions in the Chinese context Historical process

分类号 B946.6 [哲学宗教—宗教学]

作者简介郑堆,中国藏学研究中心总干事、研究员,本刊学术委员;索朗卓玛,中国藏学研究中心宗教研究所助理研究员。(北京100101)。