摘要
中国是世界上受洪涝灾害影响最严重的国家之一,洪涝灾害在中国自然灾害中发生频次最高、范围最广、灾损最大。从灾害系统角度,解析洪灾发生时各系统要素的表现特征,对进一步认识洪涝的成灾过程具有重要指导意义。系统收集了鄱阳湖流域核心区的孕灾环境(地形、河网)、承灾体(社会经济)、致灾因子(日降雨量)以及灾情等信息,系统分析了2020年鄱阳湖流域1号洪涝灾害的致灾机理与成灾过程,并探讨了鄱阳湖流域的洪灾防治措施。结果表明:6月以来高强度的降水是2020年鄱阳湖1号洪水爆发的前期基础,土壤湿度较高,趋近饱和;7月1—8日短时间内异常强降水(致灾因子强)和鄱阳湖流域核心区高程低(孕灾环境敏感性高)的共同作用下,洪水漫延快,短时内淹没了湖区的社会经济系统(承灾体),形成洪涝灾害。从灾害系统角度对典型洪涝灾害进行案例分析,有助于提高区域洪涝灾害的风险识别与防灾减灾能力。
China is one of the countries most hit by flood disasters in the world.Flood disasters have the highest frequency,are distributed in the widest scope,and cause the largest loss in China.It is of great guiding significance to analyze the characteristics of disaster system elements for a better understanding of the evolution process of flood disasters.This study collects the disaster-formative environment(topography and river network),disaster-bearing body(socioeconomy),disaster-inducing factor(daily rainfall),and disaster losses in the core area of the Poyang Lake Basin.Moreover,it investigates the disaster mechanism and evolution process of the No.1 flood disaster in the Poyang Lake Basin in 2020 and discusses the flood prevention and control measures for the Poyang Lake Basin.The results show that the high-intensity rainfall since June was the precondition of the No.1 flood disaster in 2020 in the Poyang Lake Basin,which led to almost saturated soil moisture.Under the joint action of extremely heavy rainfall from 1 to 8 July(strong disaster-inducing factor)and low elevation(high sensitivity of disaster-formative environment)in the core area of the Poyang Lake Basin,the floods spread quickly and flooded the socioeconomic system(disaster-bearing body)of the lake area in a short time.Case analyses of typical flood disasters from the perspective of disaster systems will help improve the capabilities for risk identification,disaster prevention,and disaster mitigation of regional flood disasters.
作者
连悦辰
高路
马苗苗
汪澜
林晖
LIAN Yuechen;GAO Lu;MA Miaomiao;WANG Lan;LIN Hui(Institute of Geography,Fujian Normal University,Fuzhou 350007,China;Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education,Fujian Normal University,Fuzhou 350007,China;Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center for Monitoring and Assessing Terrestrial Disasters,Fuzhou 350007,China;China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,Beijing 100038,China;Center of Flood and Drought Disaster Reduction of the Ministry of Water Resources,Beijing 100038,China;Fujian Key Laboratory of Severe Weather,Fujian Institute of Meteorological Sciences,Fuzhou 350007,China;Shanghai Typhoon Institute,China Meteorological Administration,Shanghai 200030,China)
出处
《人民珠江》
2022年第1期19-27,共9页
Pearl River
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFE0206400)
福建省科技厅省属公益类科研专项(2019R1002-3)
福建省灾害天气重点实验室开放课题(2020KFKT01)
上海台风研究基金项目(TFJJ201910)
福建省灾害天气重点实验室重大科技专项课题(2020TF06)。
关键词
洪涝
灾害系统
孕灾环境
致灾因子
承灾体
脆弱性
鄱阳湖流域
floods
disaster system
disaster-formative environment
disaster-inducing factor
disaster-bearing body
vulnerability
Poyang Lake Basin
作者简介
连悦辰(1997-),男,硕士,主要从事第四纪与全球气候变化方面工作。E-mail:lianyuechen@126.com;通信作者:高路(1983-),男,研究员,研究方向为气候变化与自然灾害。E-mail:l.gao@foxmail.com。
