摘要
谶起源于先秦,剧变于汉代。张衡《请禁绝图谶疏》一文所反映的正是谶的源头本义与流变衍生义在东汉时期的共存状态,因此,谶在汉代呈现出极为复杂甚至看似矛盾的形态。谶的本质是政治预言,将谶置于预言的发展脉络中进行考察,综合其“验”义与谶字记载来展开研究。文章认为:(1)谶的兴起,得益于战国时期的求验风潮,其出现是此风潮发展至极致的结果,具体时间最早在战国末期,至晚在秦汉之交;(2)谶与战国预言一脉相承,其原初形态是一种深受新天道观影响的,以“异象记述+占断之辞”为主要表达形式的,被方士标榜为“验”的象数占验预言;(3)谶的侧重在汉武帝之时开始转变,由“重术”转向“重言”。谶的“重言”特质导致其在逐渐兴盛的过程中不断去占化,进而被形塑成包含不占之谶辞、图谶、经谶在内的各种新形态。
Chen was originated from the Pre-Qin Dynasty and changed dramatically in the Han Dynasty.ZHANG Heng’s article Qing Jin Jue Tu Chen Shu reflected the coexistence of its original meaning and the derivative meaning in the Eastern Han Dynasty.Therefore,Chen presented an extremely complex and even seemingly contradictory appearance.As the essence of Chen belongs to political prophecy,this research puts it in the history of the development of prophecy and carries out the study based on its meanings and records.Three conclusions can be drawn as followsfirstly,the rise of Chen was benefited from the wave of pursuing prophecy fulfillment during the Warring States Period,which was the result of the extreme development of this wave.And the specific time of its appearance was as early as the end of the Warring States Period and as late as the turn of the Qin and Han Dynasty;secondly,Chen was in line with the prophecy of the Warring States Period.Its original form was a kind of prophecy that explained natural phenomenon by divination,which was deeply influenced by the new concept of Heaven,mainly expressed in the form of“phenomenal description+divination words”,and was declared to be fulfilled by the alchemists;thirdly,the emphasis of Chen began to change at the time of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty,from emphasis on technique to words.And Chen’s characteristic of emphasis on words makes itself gradually tend to be with“non technique”in the process of continuous development.Therefore,the Chen finally has been shaped into different variants including the Chen with non-technique,Tuchen,Jingchen,etc.
作者
李莉
韩维志
LI Li;HAN Weizhi(School of Chinese Language and Literature,Central China Normal University,Wuhan,Hubei 430079,China)
出处
《江西师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2021年第6期31-40,共10页
Journal of Jiangxi Normal University(Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition)
关键词
谶
预言
“重术”
“重言”
Chen
prophecy
“emphasis on technique”
“emphasis on words”
作者简介
李莉(1993-),女,湖北十堰人,华中师范大学文学院古代文学专业博士研究生,研究方向为先秦两汉文学;韩维志(1971-),男,辽宁营口人,华中师范大学教授、博士生导师,研究方向为先秦两汉文学。
