摘要
美国拜登政府执政以来,对华政策依然强硬,将"竞争"视为中美关系的基调。为了加强美国在5G通信、人工智能、量子技术、半导体产业、空间技术、清洁能源与生物技术等新兴技术领域的优势,拜登政府试图通过联合盟国与伙伴构建"技术联盟"。该举措的目的在于谋求保持领先的技术优势以维持其霸权地位、通过高科技封锁来遏制中国发展和通过"技术联盟"修复并强化联盟关系。拜登政府的"技术联盟"以技术遏制为核心、以传统盟友关系为基础,在新兴技术领域的贸易、研发和规则制定等方面形成不同程度的合作。为此美国不仅在国内加大了对新兴技术领域的资金、立法和技术支持,还联合盟国与伙伴加强新兴技术协调,试图编织对华技术遏制的网络。"技术联盟"具有鲜明的特点,其提出背景具有特殊性、顶层设计极富战略性、联盟合作充满针对性、动员力量突出全面性、实现方式体现多层性。不过拜登政府"技术联盟"的实施也面临着一些挑战,主要体现为美国与联盟之间的利益分歧、美国政策的连续性存疑、意识形态色彩浓厚和企业通力合作的难度等。面对美国组建"技术联盟"的攻势,中国需要内外并举进行应对,既要不断推动自身新兴技术领域的发展,也要对拜登政府的"技术联盟"进行必要的回应。
Since the Biden administration took office,US policy towards China remains tough,as it defines the bilateral relationship primarily in terms of“competition”.To strengthen US advantages in 5G communications,artificial intelligence,quantum technology,semiconductor industry,space technology,clean energy and biotechnology,the US government has tried to build a“technology alliance”with its allies and partners.The purpose is to maintain its hegemonic position by maintaining US technological advantages,curb China’s development through high-tech blockade,and revamp the US alliance system by creating the technology alliance.The technology alliance of the Biden administration aims for technology containment and builds on traditional US alliances,and seeks cooperation in trade,R&D and rule-making in emerging technologies.To this end,the US has not only increased its financial,legislative and technological support for emerging technologies at home,but also strengthened coordination with its allies and partners in an attempt to weave a network of technological containment against China.Biden’s technology alliance has its distinctive characteristics.It is a top-down strategic framework that is adopted against a special background and geared toward a clear target,with full capacity for mobilization and multiple tools at its disposal.However,the implementation of the technology alliance also faces several challenges:the divergent interests of the US and its allies,doubts about the continuity of American policy,strong ideological bias,and the difficulty of inter-enterprise cooperation.In response to technology alliance,China needs to take both internal and external measures:it must not only continuously promote progress in its emerging technologies,but also make necessary responses to Biden’s technology alliance.
作者
凌胜利
雒景瑜
Ling Shengli;Luo Jingyu
出处
《国际论坛》
CSSCI
北大核心
2021年第6期3-25,155,共24页
International Forum
基金
国家社科基金项目“百年大变局下中国外交能力建设”(项目批准号:21BGJ071)阶段性研究成果。
关键词
拜登政府
技术联盟
中美关系
科技竞争
the Biden Administration
technology alliances
China-US relations
technological competition
作者简介
凌胜利,外交学院国际关系研究所副所长、外交学院国际安全研究中心主任;雒景瑜,外交学院国际关系研究所国际关系专业2019级硕士研究生。(北京邮编:100037)。
