摘要
目的:探究速度节奏对我国速度滑冰运动员1500 m比赛成绩的影响,确定不同性别、竞技水平运动员的速度节奏差异。方法:以参加2019-2020赛季全国速度滑冰锦标赛1500 m比赛的运动员为研究对象,将男、女运动员按照比赛成绩分为高水平组和低水平组,分析各阶段速度的组间差异以及各阶段时间和比赛成绩的相关关系。结果:我国速度滑冰运动员在1500 m比赛中采用积加速节奏策略,在0~300 m快速启动,300~700 m达到最大绝对速度,700~1500 m速度逐渐下降。不同性别、竞技水平运动员的分段速度存在较大差异,尤其是700~1100 m阶段。女运动员相对于男运动员、低水平运动员相对于高水平运动员0~300 m的相对速度较高,700~1100 m的相对速度较低。比赛成绩和700~1100 m时间的正相关系数最大,和0~300 m时间占比显著负相关,和700~1100 m时间占比显著正相关。结论:合理的速度节奏,尤其是优秀的后程加速能力是速度滑冰1500 m比赛制胜的关键,运动员应在提高绝对速度的基础上,着重提高力量耐力和速度耐力,提升后程加速能力。
Objective:To explore the influence of pacing pattern on performance of Chinese Speed Skaters in 1500 m race,and determine the pacing pattern differences of skaters of differ‐ent genders and different ranks.Methods:Skaters who participated in the 1500 m race of the National Speed Skating Championship in 2019-2020 season were taken as the research sub‐jects.The male and female skaters were divided into upper-ranked group and lower-ranked group according to the total race time,and the differences of section velocity and the correlation between section times and total race time were analyzed.Results:Chinese speed skaters adopt‐ed the positive pacing pattern in the 1500 m race.They quickly started in 0 to 300 m,and reached the maximum absolute velocity in 300 to 700 m,and gradually declined in 700 to 1500 m.There were significant differences in the section velocity of skaters of different genders and dif‐ferent ranks,especially in the 700 to 1100 m.The relative velocity of female skaters compared with male skaters,and lower-ranked skaters compared with upper-ranked skaters were higher in 0 to 300 m and lower in 700 to 1100 m.The performance was most positively correlated with the 700 to 1100 m section time,and it had a significant negative correlation with the 0 to 300 m section time-ratio,and a significant positive correlation with the 700 to 1100 m time-ratio.Con‐clusion:Reasonable pacing pattern,especially the excellent ability to maintain high velocity in the later race segments is the key to win the 1500 m speed skating race.On the basis of increas‐ing the absolute velocity,skaters should focus on enhancing the strength endurance and velocity endurance to improve the ability to maintain high velocity in the later race segments.
作者
张马森
冯茹
刘卉
ZHANG Masen;FENG Ru;LIU Hui(Beijing Sport University,Beijing 100084,China;Nanjing Sport Institute,Nanjing 210014,China.)
出处
《中国体育科技》
CSSCI
北大核心
2021年第11期3-8,共6页
China Sport Science and Technology
基金
国家重点研发计划“科技冬奥”重点专项(2018YFF0300404)。
关键词
节奏
速度滑冰
性别
竞技水平
pacing
speed skating
gender
competitive rank
作者简介
第一作者:张马森(1991-),男,在读博士研究生,主要研究方向为运动生物力学,E-mail:zhangmasenvip@163.com。;通信作者:刘卉(1972-),女,教授,博士研究生导师,主要研究方向为运动生物力学,E-mail:liuhuibupe@163.com。
