短距离速度滑冰专项能力研究进展与发展趋势被引量：17

Research Progress and Trend of Special Abilities of Speed Skating in Short Distance

导出

摘要为促进短距离速度滑冰运动员专项能力发展,全面备战2022年冬奥会,采用文献资料法和专家访谈法,结合近期研究成果与技术发展动态,从身体形态特点、专项身体素质、身体机能、专项技术、专项战术和心理方面梳理短距离速度滑冰专项能力的内涵与特点,发现出色的专项能力体现在身体充实程度高,去脂体重大;下肢力量、位移速度及速度耐力突出;有强大的白肌纤维和无氧供能系统;具备全面的滑行技术和先进的技术环境、装备及场地支持;能够快速起跑与后程冲刺;具有自律、反思等个性特征并善于调整心态。根据以上特点进行逻辑分析,提出短距离速度滑冰专项能力研究发展趋势,具体包括:加强多维度的实验与模型研究;开展训练场地的实时反馈;加强技术动作关键点和比赛速度节奏研究;探索训练内容与强度负荷的匹配方式;注重运动员赛前心理研究。 In order to promote the development of special abilities of short distance speed skaters and prepare for the 2022 Winter Olympic Games in an all-round way,this paper combs the connotation and characteristics of special abilities of short distance speed skaters from the aspects of body shape characteristics,special physical quality,physical function,special technology,special tactics and psychology by combining with the recent research results and technical development trends.The methods of literature review and expert interview were used in this study.It was found that the outstanding special abilities are embodied in the high degree of body fullness,the more fat free mass;the outstanding strength,displacement speed and speed endurance of lower limbs;the powerful white muscle fiber and anaerobic energy supply system;the comprehensive sliding technique,technological environment,equipment and site support;the ability to start and sprint quickly;and the self-discipline,reflection and other personality characteristics,and the ability to adjust mentality.Based on the above analysis,the paper puts forward the development trend of the research on the special abilities of short distance speed skating,including:strengthening the multi-dimensional experiment and model research;developing the real-time feedback of the training ground;strengthening the research on the key points of technical movements and the rhythm of competition speed;exploring the matching way of training content and intensity load;and paying attention to the psychological research of athletes before competition.

作者魏惠琳王寅博邱招义 WEI Hui-lin;WANG Yin-bo;QIU Zhao-yi(Beijing Sport University,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区北京体育大学

出处《北京体育大学学报》 CSSCI 北大核心 2019年第10期128-138,共11页 Journal of Beijing Sport University

基金 2018年度国家重点研发计划“科技冬奥”重点专项:冬季项目运动员专项能力特征和科学选材关键技术的研究(项目编号:2018YFF0300406) 国家社会科学基金重点课题:2022年冬奥会对我国雪上运动发展的影响研究(项目编号:16ATY004) 中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助(项目编号:2019PT010).

关键词短距离速度滑冰专项能力专项技术专项战术 speed skating in short distance special abilities special techniques special tactics

分类号 G862.1 [文化科学—体育训练]

作者简介魏惠琳,讲师,博士,研究方向运动训练理论研究、体育英语理论研究;通信作者:邱招义,教授,博士,博士研究生导师。