摘要
国家在追求网络安全和反垄断等公共政策目标时可能要求软件所有人转让或提供其源代码或算法,这与将源代码和算法作为商业秘密保护的普遍做法产生了冲突,并可能限制市场准入和妨碍自由贸易。鉴于以WTO体系为代表的传统经贸规则难以有效约束上述措施,《全面与进步跨太平洋伙伴关系协定》(CPTPP)等国际经贸协定开始设置专门的源代码规则,明确禁止缔约方要求软件所有人转让或允许获取其源代码甚至算法。不过,尽管源代码规则允许一定的例外情形,但仍会对国家规制权产生不同程度的影响,特别是可能不利影响缔约方规制软件相关服务贸易和算法、实施开源政策的自主性和灵活性。中国可将安全可控和开放创新并重作为基本规制立场,原则上不要求软件所有人转让和提供源代码,同时注意在国际经贸谈判中保留相应的规制空间,并重点协调与美欧的规制立场分歧。
A country may, in pursuit of such public policy objectives as cybersecurity and anti-monology, require a software owner to transfer or provide its source code or algorithms. However, such requirements conflict with the practice protecting source code and algorithms as trade secrets, and may limit market access and free trade. Having considered that traditional trade rules like WTO rules have flaws in effectively restricting the foregoing requirements, international trade agreements such as CPTPP initiated the rules on source code, which explicitly prohibit a contracting party from requiring a software owner to transfer or grant access to its source code or algorithms. However, despite of some exceptions contained in the rules on source code, the rules may still negatively impact a contracting party’s right to regulate, especially the party’s regulatory autonomy and flexibility in the fields of software-related trade in services, open source policies and algorithm regulation. It’s suggested that China take"being secure and controllable is as equally important as being open and innovative" as its fundamental regulatory position, and should not in principle require a software owner to transfer or grant access to its source code. It’s also noted that China should preserve certain space for regulating source code in international trade negotiations, and coordinate regulatory divergence with the United States and European Union.
出处
《武大国际法评论》
2021年第3期97-117,共21页
Wuhan University International Law Review
关键词
源代码规则
软件类数字产品
国家规制权
数字贸易
算法规制
the rules on source code
software digital product
States’right to regulate
digital trade
algorithm regulation
作者简介
鄢雨虹,对外经济贸易大学法学院国际法学博士研究生。
