摘要
随着近年来我国经济总体增速放缓,经济发展步入"增速换挡、结构优化、动力转换"的新常态,教育经费投入也进入"稳增长、调结构、促改革"的关键阶段。当前,我国教育经费投入结构主要存在以下突出问题:第一,学前教育投入水平偏低,投入规模增长缓慢,尤其是学前教育财政性教育经费投入不足;第二,虽然中等教育经费投入占比与OECD国家接近,但是在生均经费水平上与OECD国家相比仍有较大差距;第三,与发达国家相比,我国职业教育经费投入还存在较大差距。基于教育经费投入结构对经济增长和产业结构优化作用的相关实证研究,发现中等教育具有更高的经济增长贡献率,不同层次的教育经费投入对地区经济的贡献存在明显差异,不同教育层次的人力资本对产业结构优化的影响程度也不同。通过以上研究发现,建议在"十四五"期间应当落实各级政府在学前教育投入中的责任,推进普惠性学前教育的发展;保持对基础教育投入的稳定增长,加大对职业教育的投入,推进普职教育均衡发展;优化教育层次结构,主动适应各地区经济发展和产业结构调整。
As China’s overall economic growth has slowed in recent years,economic development has entered a new normal of "growth shifting,structural optimization,and power conversion",and the education funding mechanism has also entered the key to "stabilizing growth,adjusting structure,and promoting reform" stage.At present,China’s educational funding input structure mainly has the following outstanding problems:First,the level of investment in preschool education is low,and the scale of investment has grown slowly,especially the insufficient financial investment in preschool education;second,although the proportion of secondary education funding is close to OECD countries,but there is still a big gap in the level of per student funding compared with OECD countries.Third,compared with developed countries,China’s vocational education funding still has a large gap.Based on the relevant empirical research on the effect of educational funding input structure on economic growth and industrial structure optimization,it can be found that secondary education has a higher economic growth contribution rate,and the contribution of education funding at different levels to the regional economy is significantly different.The impact of human capital on the optimization of industrial structure is also different.Based on the above research conclusions,we consider that during the "14 th Five-Year Plan" period,governments at all levels should implement their responsibilities in preschool education investment,and promote the development of inclusive preschool education;maintain the steady growth of investment in basic education,increase investment in vocational education,and promote the balanced development of general vocational education;optimize the educational level structure,and actively adapt to the economic development and industrial structure adjustment of various regions.
作者
王亚男
元静
胡咏梅
WANG Ya-nan;YUAN Jing;HU Yong-mei(Faculty of Education,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875)
出处
《教育经济评论》
2020年第5期3-23,共21页
China Economics of Education Review
基金
国家社会科学基金教育学重大项目“教育适应中国人口结构发展趋势研究”(VGA190003)。
作者简介
王亚男,北京师范大学教育学部教育经济研究所,电子邮箱地址:wangyn1996@126.com;元静,北京师范大学教育学部教育经济研究所,电子邮箱地址:yuanj_1025@163.com;胡咏梅,北京师范大学教育学部教育经济研究所/首都教育经济研究基地,电子邮箱地址:huym0718@bnu.edu.cn。
