摘要
《民法典》确立的合同司法解除制度,包括基于情势变更的司法解除和非金钱债务违约方司法解除两种类型。前者在实践和理论上有较为扎实的基础,后者则争议巨大。法典编纂过程中,学界普遍对《合同法》第110条存在一定误读,试图以合同僵局说来论证违约方司法解除的必要性。结合民事抗辩和确认之诉的法理,程序法的检讨表明《合同法》第110条并不存在引发合同僵局的法律漏洞。司法解除制度的立法原因有合同法理念调整、确认之诉休眠和一定的偶然因素。司法解除属于不必要形成之诉、无溯及力的形成之诉,基于《民法典》的规定和民事诉讼法理,其司法适用有自身的规律和特点。
The system of judicial termination of contracts established by China Civil Code includes two types:judicial termination based on change of circumstance and judicial termination by the breaching party of non-monetary debt.The former has a relatively solid foundation in practice and theory,while the latter is highly controversial.In the process of codification of the code,academia generally misunderstood the Article 110 of the China Contract Law,trying to use the"contract deadlock"to demonstrate the necessity of judicial termination by the breaching party.Combining the legal principles of civil defense and confirming-action,the review from procedure law perspective shows that Article 110 of the Contract Law does not contain any legal loopholes that cause"contract deadlock".The legislative reasons for the judicial termination system include the adjustment of the concept of contract law,the dormancy of the confirming-action and certain accidental factors.Judicial termination is an unnecessary and non-retroactive forming-action.Based on the provisions of the Civil Code and the principles of civil procedure,its judicial application has its own rules and characteristics.
作者
肖建国
宋史超
Xiao Jianguo;Song Shichao(Law School,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872)
出处
《浙江社会科学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2020年第12期46-57,157,158,共14页
Zhejiang Social Sciences
关键词
司法解除
形成之诉
抗辩
履行不能
情势变更
judicial termination
forming-action
defense
impossibility of performance
change of circumstance
作者简介
肖建国,中国人民大学法学院教授、博士生导师,民商事法律科学研究中心研究员;宋史超,中国人民大学法学院博士研究生。
