摘要
中西方在乡村发展过程中遇到的问题既有共通之处,也存在诸多差异。因此,应审慎对待西方经验,走符合中国国情农情的乡村发展道路。鉴于此,本文采用文献综述法,回顾了1940年代至今西方国家乡村发展的历史脉络,梳理了其乡村发展理念、机制与行为主体等方面的演进脉络,探讨我国乡村振兴的发展路径。研究表明,西方乡村发展理念早期经历了生产主义和后生产主义阶段,乡村发展机制从自上而下的外生式发展逐渐演变为自下而上的内生式发展,随着经济发展理念从凯恩斯主义转向新自由主义,最终指向网络式发展模式下的多功能主义。但仍存在农业弱国粮食安全受威胁、乡村行动者网络不完整和城乡区域发展差异等若干问题。新中国成立以来,乡村的发展脉络可划分为发展起步期、制度改革期、深化改革期、体制转型期和快速发展期五个阶段,乡村面貌焕然一新。但与西方乡村发展理念比较,我国乡村振兴仍处于起步阶段,存在土地非农非粮化、青壮年劳动力流失和区域发展不平衡等问题。因此,结合国外经验和我国实际,优化我国乡村振兴路径,提出要正确协调粮食安全与发展政策关系、处理好小农经济与农业现代化的关系、构建社会网络提升乡村发展内生与外生动力、重视因地制宜的差异化发展模式等一系列政策建议。
There are many similarities and differences between China and the West in the process of rural development.Therefore,China should take the western experience prudently and develop the rural development road in accordance with China’s national conditions.This paper reviewed the historical context of rural development in western countries since the 1940s in order to sort out the evolutionary context of rural development concept,mechanism and behavior subject in western countries.Results show that the western concept of rural development experienced productivism and post-productivism periods in the early stage,and the rural development mechanism gradually evolved from the top-down exogenous development to the bottom-up endogenous development.With the change of economic development concept from Keynesianism to neoliberalism,it finally adopted a multi-function doctrine under the network development model.However,a number of problems still exist,including food security threats in weak agricultural countries,incomplete networks of rural actors,and differences in development between urban and rural areas and among different regions.In addition,this paper also summarizes the development context of China’s countryside since 1949 and divides it into five stages-the initial stage of development,the stage of institutional reform,the stage of deepening reform,the stage of institutional transformation,and the stage of rapid development-to compare with the concept of rural development in western countries.However,compared with the western concept of rural development,China’s rural revitalization is still in its infancy with some problems,including the existence of not-rural and not-grain land,young and middleaged labor loss and unbalanced regional development.Therefore,combined with foreign experience and China’s actual situation,this paper suggests the following measures to optimize the path of China’s rural revitalization,including 1)the government should coordinate the relationship between food security and policy making;2)the regulatory authority should handle the relationship between small family business and agricultural modernization,3)the local community should build a social network to promote the endogenous and exogenous driving force of rural development;and 4)the local governments should adopt differentiated development models tailored according to local conditions。
作者
常烃
武圣钦
CHANG Ting;WU Sheng-qin(Institute of Resources,Environment and Ecology,Tianjin Academy of Social Sciences,Tianjin 300191,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Urumqi,Xinjiang 830011,China)
出处
《农业现代化研究》
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第6期919-927,共9页
Research of Agricultural Modernization
基金
天津市哲学社会科学规划青年项目(TJGLQN20-008)。
关键词
乡村振兴
乡村发展
中西方比较
多功能主义
粮食安全
农业现代化
小农经济
rural revitalization
rural development
comparison between China and western countries
multifunctionality
food security
agricultural modernization
small rural family economy
作者简介
常烃(1989-),女(满族),新疆乌鲁木齐人,博士,助理研究员,主要从事区域可持续发展研究,E-mail:changting12@mails.ucas.ac.cn;通信作者:武圣钦(1989-),男,安徽宿州人,博士研究生,主要从事区域经济及乡村发展研究,E-mail:wushengqin16@mails.ucas.ac.cn。
