摘要
以中国科学院区域可持续发展分析与模拟重点实验室樊杰研究团队开展的中国相对贫困地区研究为案例,在系统回顾中国相对贫困研究典型进展的基础上,探讨相对贫困地区分布特征、地域功能类型基础和未来反贫困政策举措,为我国在全面打赢脱贫攻坚战、开启现代化建设新征程中,科学应对相对贫困问题提供决策参考和依据。对相对贫困地区可持续发展的研究经历了以下3个阶段:(1)首次采用"相对贫困"概念开展区域可持续发展的科技攻关研究;(2)助推相对贫困地区成为我国促进欠发达地区可持续发展政策制定的重要类型区;(3)为打赢脱贫攻坚战前瞻部署扶持相对贫困地区发展的持久战提供科学依据。相对贫困地区的变化特征和地域类型基础分析表明,我国相对贫困人口规模长期维持在2亿人左右,集中分布基本格局没有改变;同时,在以生态服务功能为主体的地域功能类型基础下,受自然承载力约束,相对贫困地区的有发展条件区和不具备发展条件区并存。文章由此提出在更高起点推动相对贫困地区同步实现现代化的政策建议:(1)全局视角开展人地系统优化调控和空间治理,稳筑国家国防安全、生态安全、粮食安全、能源安全、社会安全防线;(2)对有发展条件的,通过机制创新将资源和生态的比较优势转化为经济优势,破解"路径依赖"下的代际转移和"马太效应"下的区际剥脱;(3)对不具备发展条件的,稳步推动自然承载力卸载减负和山水林田湖草系统治理的同时,综合提升基本公共服务均等化水平。
Based on the systematic review of the research progress on China’s relative poverty, this study discussed the distribution characteristics of the relative poverty areas(RPAs), the basis of regional function types, and proposed the policy recommendations. There are three main periods concerning sustainable development research on RPAs:(1) The concept of "relative poverty" was adopted for the first time to carry out scientific research on regional sustainable development.(2) It supported the RPAs to become an important type of the area to promote sustainable development policies in underdeveloped areas in China.(3) It deployed a protracted battle in advance to support the development of RPAs before the comprehensive accomplishment of anti-poverty. The change characteristics of the RPAs and the regional function types indicated that the scale of the relative poverty population in China has remained at around 200 million for a long time, and the pattern of concentrated distribution has not changed. Meanwhile, taking ecological service function as the main regional function types, areas with and lack of development conditions coexist in the RPAs constrained by the natural carrying capacity. Policy recommendations are proposed to promote the simultaneous realization of modernization in the RPAs on a higher stage as follows. From a global perspective, the optimization regulation and spatial governance of the Man-Land system should be carried out to stabilize the national defense, ecological, food, energy, and social security. For regions with development potential, the comparative advantages of the resources and ecology should be transformed into economic advantages through mechanism innovation, thereby solving the intergenerational transfer under "path dependence" and the interregional exfoliation under the "Matthew effect". For regions lack of development conditions, natural carrying capacity should be steadily unloaded, the mountain, forest, farmland, lake, and grassland should be conserved systematically, and the equalization level of basic public services should be improved comprehensively.
作者
樊杰
周侃
伍健雄
FAN Jie;ZHOU Kan;WU Jianxiong(Key Laboratory of Regional Sustainable Development Modeling,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;College of Resources and Environment,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Institutes of Science and Development,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China)
出处
《中国科学院院刊》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第10期1249-1263,共15页
Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences
基金
国家自然科学基金重点项目(41630644)
国家自然科学基金(41971164)。
关键词
相对贫困地区
可持续发展
自然承载力
主体功能区
区域协调
relative poverty areas(RPAs)
sustainable development
natural carrying capacity
major function zoning
regional coordination
作者简介
通讯作者:樊杰,中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所研究员,中国科学院科技战略咨询研究院副院长,中国科学院大学资源与环境学院教授。长期从事人文与经济地理学、区域可持续发展过程与格局、主体功能区划与空间治理体系等研究。中国城市规划学会副理事长,中国地理学会国土空间规划分会主任、《经济地理》主编。兼任全国“十四五”规划专家委员会委员,全国国土空间规划专家组成员,住房建设部人居环境专委会副主任委员,法国地理学会荣誉会士。承担第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究任务、中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(A类)、国家自然科学基金重点项目等研究任务。发表学术论文近300篇,出版专著近30部。曾获中国科学院杰出科技成就奖。E-mail:fanj@igsnrr.ac.cn;周侃,中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所副研究员。长期从事资源环境承载力与区域发展研究工作,重点研究区域承载力综合评价方法及应用、欠发达地区资源环境约束与可持续性、国土空间规划与管控。先后主持中国科学院战略性先导科技专项子课题1项、国家自然科学基金项目2项、省部级科研项目3项,参与资源环境承载力评价与预警、国土空间规划、区域规划等中央和部委委托项目10余项,发表论文60余篇。E-mail:zhoukan@igsnrr.ac.cn。
