摘要
印欧社会是由祭司—国王、武士和生产者这三种功能构成的。在对“社会三功能”结构的研究中,杜梅齐尔提出了一项关于国家建立和发展的理论,即等级辩证法。本文从杜梅齐尔的论述出发,比较了巫术性王权和司法性王权的等级辩证关系对罗马、印度、波斯和日耳曼社会制度的塑造方式,以解释印欧文明内部的制度差异性。另外,杜梅齐尔对武士和生产者阶层的分析表明,等级辩证法的运行以第一功能为限,三种功能之间的关系及其整合还存在其他社会学解释机制。杜梅齐尔以印欧经验为基础提出的国家理论为理解、反思和推进现代国家理论提供了新的路径。在对国家起源的思考方面,杜梅齐尔强调国家最早以城市形式出现时兄弟会的重要性,这一发现为新的国家理论奠定了基础。
The Indo-European society was composed of three functions: the priest-king, the warrior and the producer. In the study of “three social functions”, Georges Dumézil proposes the theory of hierarchical dialectics to understand the establishment and development of the state. This paper compares the hierarchical dialectic relationship between magical sovereignty and judicial sovereignty among the social systems of Rome, India, Persia and the Germanic society, to explain the institutional differences within Indo-European civilization. Dumézil’s analysis of the classes of the warrior and the producer shows that the operation of hierarchical dialectics is limited to the first function. Other sociological mechanisms operate in the relationship of the three functions and their integration. Dumézil’s theory of the state provides a new way to understand, reflect and promote the modern theory of the state. In thinking about the origins of state, Dumézil emphasizes the importance of the brotherhood when state first emerged as a city. This discovery lays the foundation for a new theory of the state.
出处
《社会学研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2020年第5期76-98,M0004,M0005,共25页
Sociological Studies
基金
国家社会科学基金项目“马克斯·韦伯的宗教理论与蒙藏佛教社会的人类学研究”(项目编号:15BSH094)的阶段性成果。
