摘要
从资源比较优势竞争转向创新要素优势竞争是区域竞争的新态势,以创新人才、创新技术和研发资金为主要内容的创新要素自由流动,给区域经济发展带来新的契机与挑战。随着对创新规律认识的深化,创新要素的内涵不断完善丰富。目前对创新要素的定义,有从要素论和系统论角度进行划分。要素论一般把创新要素分为人才要素、资金要素、平台要素、技术要素、社会资本要素、制度及政策要素;系统论认为创新要素主要由产出科技成果的创新活动投入的资源即直接要素,包括技术、资金、人才,以及提供支撑条件,间接推动创新活动的外部环境即间接要素,包括基础设施、社会环境、宏观政策等。本文分析了创新要素与传统生产要素的区别及特征,分析了创新要素流动的机制并对目前主流的引力模型和推拉模型进行了归纳,对影响创新要素流动的影响因素进行了分析,从国内和国际视角对创新因素流动规律进行了总结。未来需要在创新要素流动形成的流数据空间效应、技术转移测度及效应、创新要素配置效率3个方面开展深入研究。
From resource comparative advantage competition to innovation factor advantage competition is a new trend of regional competition.The free flow of innovation elements with innovative talents,innovative technologies and R&D funds as the main content brings new opportunities and challenges to regional economic development.With the deepening of the understanding of the law of innovation,the connotation of innovative elements is constantly improved.At present,the definition of innovation elements is divided from the perspective of elemental theory and system theory.The factor theory generally divides the innovation elements into talent elements,capital elements,platform elements,technical elements,social capital elements,systems and policy elements.System theory believes that the elements of innovation are mainly the direct elements of the innovation activities that produce scientific and technological achievements,including technology,capital,talents,and providing supporting conditions to indirectly promote the external environment of innovation activities,namely,indirect factors,including infrastructure and social environment,macro policies,etc.The article analyzes the difference and characteristics between innovation elements and traditional production factors,analyzes the mechanism of innovation element flow and summarizes the current mainstream gravity model and push‐pull model,and analyzes the influencing factors affecting the flow of innovation factors,from domestic and the international perspective summarizes the flow of innovation factors.In the future,it is necessary to carry out in‐depth research in three aspects:the spatial effect of stream data formed by the flow of innovation factors,the measurement and effects of technology transfer,and the efficiency of innovation element allocation.
作者
郝汉舟
刘彦文
沈琼婕
左珂怡
蔡思倩
Hao Hanzhou;Liu Yanwen;Shen Qiongjie;Zuo Keyi;Cai Siqian(Resources and Environment College,Hubei University of Science and Technology,Xianning 437100,Hubei,China;Land and Water Resources Research Center of the Middle Yangtze River,Xianning 437100,Hubei,China;College of Resources and Environmental Sciences,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430079,China)
出处
《技术经济》
CSSCI
北大核心
2020年第5期142-148,共7页
Journal of Technology Economics
基金
国家社会科学基金“技术创新背景下城市化进程的资源环境效应实证研究”(15BGL139)
湖北省技术创新专项软科学研究项目“城市创新要素集聚的人才虹吸效应研究”(2018ADC123)
2018年湖北科技学院“资源‐环境‐社会复杂系统科研创新团队”[湖科科([2018]12号)]。
关键词
创新要素
流动
影响因素
规律
innovative elements
flow
influencing factors
laws
作者简介
郝汉舟(1970-),男,湖北黄冈人,博士,湖北科技学院资源环境科学与工程学院教授,研究方向:城市地理;刘彦文(1979-),男,武汉大学资源与环境科学学院博士研究生,研究方向:3S技术及土地生态;沈琼婕(1997-),女,山西忻州人,湖北科技学院地理科学专业本科生;左珂怡(1999-),女,湖北黄石人,湖北科技学院地理科学专业本科生;蔡思倩(1999-),女,湖北宜昌人,湖北科技学院地理科学专业本科生。
