摘要
科技水平偏低制约了中国由制造大国向制造业强国的转变。本文使用《中国科技成果数据库》测度中国制造业30个地区28个大类1998—2016年的科技水平,实证检验政府支持与市场化程度对科技进步的作用。结果发现:(1)中国制造业整体科技水平提升显著,主要通过向国际先进水平攀升促进制造业科技进步;(2)高端制造业科技水平在“十二五”期间有所下降,产生了制造业结构高度化与高端制造业科技水平下降的非正常现象;(3)中低端制造业科技水平进步主要依靠市场化程度的不断提高,政府支持不利于中低端制造业科技水平由国内先进水平向国际先进水平攀升;(4)政府支持有力地促进了高端制造业科技水平进步,市场化程度的提高对高端制造业向国际先进水平攀升有显著抑制作用。本文研究表明:政府需要更好地发挥在高端制造业科技进步中的支持作用,才能提高中国制造业的行业竞争力,实现在全球产业链和价值链中的高端攀升。
Over the past 40 years of reforms,China has rapidly developed its manufacturing sector and become the world s largest manufacturing country.The general opinion is that the success of Chinese manufacturing is mainly due to government support and market-oriented reforms.Despite China's absolute advantage in manufacturing,there is a considerable gap between the overall technology level of China's manufacturers and that of international manufacturers,especially for advanced manufacturing technology.Many core technology products and intermediate products rely on imports from other developed countries.The low technology level of advanced manufacturing restricts the transformation of Chinese manufacturing from a big industry to a competitive industry.Whether China's manufacturers can achieve the necessary transformation and upgrading depends on whether the technological level of the manufacturing industry,especially that of advanced manufacturers,can be effectively improved.China's scientific and technological innovations are driven by both the market and governmental guidance.Can government support and market forces effectively improve the technological level of China's manufacturing industry?The literature does not answer this question due to a lack of data.We use the technical grade information from the China Science and Technology Achievement Database to measure the technology level of 28 manufacturing industries in 30 regions of China from 1998 to 2016.We empirically analyze the effect of government support and the marketization level on the technological progress of China's manufacturing industry using the IV-GMM method to deal with endogeneity.Our analysis leads to three main conclusions.First,the overall technological level of China's manufacturing industry has improved significantly in recent years,and the proportion of internationally advanced scientific and technological achievements has increased.However,the technology level of China's advanced manufacturing industry decreased between 2011 and 2015.This combination has led to the abnormal phenomenon in which the technology level of China's advanced manufacturers has declined but the proportion of advanced manufacturing output in manufacturing has increased.Second,market-oriented reforms have improved the overall technology level of Chinese manufacturing,but the improvement has been limited to low-end manufacturers.Market-oriented reforms have not improved the technology level of advanced manufacturers and have instead hindered the upgrade of their technology to an internationally advanced level.Third,government support had no significant impact on changes in the overall advanced level of manufacturing and is not conducive to further improving the technological level of the low-end manufacturing industries that have reached domestically advanced levels.However,government support effectively shortened the distance between China's advanced manufacturing industry and the technological frontier.Our findings show that government support and market-oriented reforms are the main driving forces for the advancement of China's manufacturing technology but that the reach and mechanisms of these two forces are quite different.Market-oriented reforms strengthen the incentives for scientific and technological innovation,which is conducive to gradual technological progress and improves the overall technology level.However,the weak industrial and technological foundation of China's advanced manufacturing industry means that cutthroat capitalist competition is not conducive to improving its technology level.The strong support provided by the government has quickly shortened the technological gap between China's advanced manufacturing sector and developed countries,but the gap is still relatively obvious from the data.The development of China's manufacturing industry has benefited from government support in the context of market-oriented reforms.This unique institutional advantage is the key to the success of China's manufacturing industry and to the continued improvement of the technological level.Improving the technological level enhances industrial competitiveness,helping China's manufacturers move to the high end of the global industrial value chain.
作者
叶祥松
刘敬
YE Xiangsong;LIU Jing(Guangzhou University;Guangdong University of Finance&Economics)
出处
《经济研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2020年第5期83-98,共16页
Economic Research Journal
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(71974041)的资助。
关键词
制造业
科技进步
政府支持
市场化程度
Manufacturing
Technology Development
Government Support
Market-oriented Reforms
作者简介
叶祥松,广州大学经济与统计学院,邮政编码:510006;通讯作者:刘敬,广东财经大学经济学院,邮政编码:510320,电子信箱:julian_mintz@126.com。
