摘要
该文通过查阅历代本草及医书典籍,结合现代文献资料进行本草考证研究,对经典名方中桂类药材的释名、基原、产地、药用部位、采收加工及炮制的变迁进行了考证。经考证可知,桂类药材最早以"箘桂"和"牡桂"之名,分2种入药,首载于《神农本草经》中,其中箘桂经历"囷桂-箘桂-筒桂-菌桂"的演变,南北朝后增添了一种半卷多脂的"桂",但三者用时罕有分别。桂枝、肉桂之名至唐代才出现,均以嫩枝皮且去外层栓皮为佳,并多以"桂心"之名入药;宋元以来桂的药用部位逐渐分开,肉桂为桂的枝皮或小树干皮,嫩枝皮则为桂枝,再嫩者为柳桂,宋代将前朝称谓统一为"桂枝";明清后肉桂为干皮入药,嫩枝则为桂枝;近代以来《中国药典》规定桂枝为樟科植物肉桂Cinnamomum cassia的嫩枝条,肉桂为其干燥树皮。从历代所记载的植物形态及其附图,结合历代所述的产地分布情况,历代入药主流植物应为肉桂C.cassia,但还有其他肉桂组植物各地亦做桂入药,如浙江桂(浙樟)C.chekiangensis、钝叶桂C.bejolghota、川桂C.wilsonii等,历代多从植物形态与药材性状不同,综合加以区分不同类别。历代产地记载多为今我国广东、广西及越南等地,并奉为道地。桂类药材采收炮制的方法古今基本相同。
Through consulting the ancient herbs and medical books, combining with modern literature, this paper makes textual research on herbal medicine, and textual research on the name, origin, position and harvest and processing changes of the medicinal herbs in ancient classical prescriptions. According to research, Cinnamon medicinal materials were first listed in the Shennong′s Herbal Classic, as the name of "Jungui" and "Mugui". Among them, Jungui has undergone the evolution of "Qungui-Jungui-Tonggui-Jungui". After the Northern and Southern Dynasties, a half-volume fatty "Gui" was added, but the usage of the three was no different. The names of Cinnamomi Ramulus and Cinnamomi Cortex did not appear until the Tang Dynasty, and they were preferably thick-skinned and with no cork cambium, and they were mostly used in the name of "Guixin";Since the Song and Yuan Dynasties, the medicinal parts of cassia have gradually separated. Cinnamomi Cortex is the trunk bark of sapling or branch bark, the twig is Cinnamomi Ramulus, and the tenderest twig is Liugui, Song Dynasty unified the name as "Guizhi";After the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Cinnamomi Cortex was used as the trunk bark, and Cinnamomi Ramulus was used as the tender twig;In modern times, the Chinese Pharmacopoeia stipulates that the Cinnamomi Ramulus is the young branch of C. cassia, which is Cinnamomum, and Cinnamomi Cortex was the dried trunk bark. From the plant morphology recorded in the previous herbals and the drawings, combined with the distribution of the origins described in the previous herbals, the mainstream plant used as a medicine in the past generations should be C. cassia, but there are other sect. Cinnamomum plants that are also used in medicine everywhere, such as C. chekiangensis, C. bejolghota, C. wilsonii, etc. Throughout the ages, different plant morphologies and medicinal traits have been used to distinguish different categories. The origins of the past dynasties are mostly present in Guangdong, Guangxi province and Vietnam, and are regarded as authentic. The methods for the harvest and processing of cinnamon medicinal materials are basically the same from ancient to modern times.
作者
王艺涵
翁倩倩
赵佳琛
金艳
张卫
彭华胜
许海玉
杨洪军
张华敏
詹志来
WANG Yi-han;WENG Qian-qian;ZHAO Jia-chen;JIN Yan;ZHANG Wei;PENG Hua-sheng;XU Hai-yu;YANG Hong-jun;ZHANG Hua-min;ZHAN Zhi-lai(State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs,National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,Beijing 100700,China;Academician Workstation of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Nanchang 330004,China;Institute of Chinese Materia Medica,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,Beijing 100700,China;Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Hefei 230012,China;China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,Beijing 100700,China)
出处
《中国中药杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第7期1707-1716,共10页
China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFC1711401,2017YFC1700805)
中央本级重大增减支项目(2060302)。
关键词
经典名方
肉桂
桂枝
本草考证
Chinese classical prescriptions
Cinnamomi Cortex
Cinnamomi Ramulus
textual research on materia medica
作者简介
通信作者:詹志来,副研究员,研究方向为中药品质评价,本草考证,中药标准化,Tel:(010)64087964,E-mail:zzlzhongyi@163.com。
