摘要
2013年中国提出"一带一路"倡议后,德国积极加入亚投行,成为创始成员国和最大的域外出资国,但同时又持谨慎态度,"中国威胁论""地缘战略论"日益增多。借助国际信任理论从国家精英层面、组织层面、社会层面对德国立场分析发现,德国对"一带一路"倡议的矛盾很大程度上植根于德国不同层面对中国的认知和信任程度不一致。德国总理多次访华,积极支持中德扩大合作;德国商界从务实合作中获益匪浅,但随着中德在高科技等领域的竞争加剧,德国商界担心自己的技术优势被超越,合作的意愿有所动摇;德国外交部、议会等机构强调西方价值观,认为"中国模式"带来制度性挑战,担心中国会走上霸权之路。由此可见,德国参与"一带一路"合作更多是基于理性的利益考虑,中德之间缺少基于共同价值观的、广泛的社会认同和民意基础。对此,中德之间应当加固现有合作,寻求更多共同利益;同时更应当加强机构间交流与对话扩大共识,加强中德人文交流,在上下两个方面塑造共享理念,产生积极的身份认同,减少德国对"一带一路"倡议的疑虑,加强相互信任。
After China proposed the "Belt and Road" initiative(B&R) in 2013, Germany actively joined the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank, becoming a founding member and the extra-regional member with the largest contribution. But at the same time, it also took a cautious attitude, amid growing concerns about the so-called "China threat" or "geo-strategic rivalry." An analysis of German attitudes from the national elite, organizational, and societal levels based on the theory of international trust finds that the contradictions in German attitudes towards the B&R are largely rooted in the inconsistencies in German perceptions and trust in China at the different levels. The German Chancellor has visited China many times and actively supports the expansion of cooperation with China. The German business community, which has benefited greatly from practical cooperation, is now less willing to cooperate because of the intensifying Sino-German high-tech competition and worries that German technological advantages will be undermined. Viewing the "China model" as posing institutional challenges, German political institutions such as the Foreign Ministry and the Parliament(Bundestag) have emphasized Western values and are worried that China will go down the road of hegemony. This shows that while German participation in the B&R is based more on rational calculation of interests, the two countries lack public support that is rooted in common values and widespread social approval. As a result, while they should continue to strengthen existing cooperation and seek more common grounds, they should also work to expand consensus by promoting inter-agency exchanges and dialogues, and strengthen Sino-German cultural exchanges. These efforts at both the elite and the popular levels will help to foster shared ideas that can help to reduce German doubts about the BRI and enhance mutual trust.
出处
《国际论坛》
CSSCI
北大核心
2020年第2期127-140,159,160,共16页
International Forum
基金
中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目“后默克尔时代的德国外交政策及对中德关系的影响”(项目批准号:2020JJ013)资助。
关键词
“一带一路”倡议
德国
国际信任
身份认同
the Belt and Road Initiative
German diplomacy
international trust
identity
作者简介
于芳,北京外国语大学德语学院讲师。(北京邮编:100089)。
