摘要
通过有机肥在小麦-玉米轮作上的增施与替代探究有机肥在小麦-玉米轮作上的最佳效果及最佳效益。试验于2017—2018年在河南禹州顺店镇进行,设置常规施肥(CK),氮肥用量为240 kg·hm^-2;常规施肥+600 kg·hm^-2有机肥(OF1);常规施肥-10%N+120 kg·hm^-2有机肥(OF2);小麦供试品种为豫麦49-198,播种量为180 kg·hm^-2;玉米供试品种为华育198,种植密度为6.75万株·hm^-2,在小麦、玉米收获期测产并测定土壤无机氮残留及植株全氮含量。结果表明,较CK相比,增施有机肥使小麦分别增产15.20%,8.75%,玉米分别增产7.21%,9.25%;相比CK,OF1与OF2处理下的氮肥偏生产力分别增加15.21%,20.83%,氮素干物质生产效率分别增加18.99%,25.22%;有机无机肥料配施对玉米氮肥偏生产力、氮素干物质生产效率和氮素子粒生产效率的影响显著,玉米氮肥偏生产力较CK相比分别增加7.20%,21.39%,氮素干物质生产效率分别增加28.50%,48.99%,氮素子粒生产效率分别增加8.15%,11.48%;不同处理在0~30 cm土层的硝态氮残留量趋势均表现为OF2<OF1<CK;该小麦-玉米轮作系统下不同处理年总收益分别为2.02,2.25,2.03万元·hm^-2。有机无机肥料配施能显著增加小麦-玉米产量,促进小麦-玉米养分吸收,降低土壤无机氮残留量,提高肥料利用效率,并提高小麦-玉米年际种植收益。
This study was to explore the effects and efficiency of organic fertilizer through the application and substitution of organic fertilizer in wheat-maize rotation system in central area of Henan province. The experiment was conducted from 2017 to 2018 in Shundian town, Yuzhou city. Three treatments were designed in the test: the conventional fertilization (CK) with nitrogen fertilizer of 240 kg·hm^-2;the conventional fertilization + 600 kg·hm^-2 organic fertilizer (OF1);and the conventional fertilization-10% N + 120 kg·hm^-2 organic fertilizer (OF2). The wheat variety of Yumai 49-198 was used in this study with a seeding rate of 180 kg·hm^-2;the maize variety of Huayu 198 with the planting density of 67 500 plants·hm^-2 was bred afterwards of the harvest of wheat. The yields, the residue of inorganic nitrogen in the soil, and the content of total nitrogen in the plants were measured at harvest. The results showed that compared with CK, the yields of wheat treated with organic fertilizer increased by 15.20%, 8.75% for OF1 and OF2, respectively, while the yield of maize increased by 7.21%, 9.25%, respectively. The N Partial Factor Productivity (NPFP) of OF1 and OF2 treatments were increased by 15.21% and 20.83% respectively;and the N Dry Matter Production Efficiency (NDMPE) were ncreased by 18.99% and 25.22%, respectively. The applications of organic and inorganic fertilizers had significant effects on partial nitrogen productivity, nitrogen dry matter productivity, and nitrogen seed productivity of maize. With applying the organic and inorganic fertilizer, the NPFP of maize increased by 7.20% and 21.39%, the NDMPE increased by 28.50% and 48.99%, and the N use efficiency for grain production increased by 8.15% and 11.48%, respectively. The residue of nitrate nitrogen in 0~30 cm of soil depth was shown as following trend: OF2<OF1<CK. The annual income values of treatments were 20.2, 22.5, and 20.3 thousand Yuan per hectare, respectively. The application of organic fertilizer not only could boost the yields of wheat and maize and also promoted the nutrient absorption of wheat and maize, improved the efficiency of fertilizer utilization, and increases the incomes of wheat-maize in the wheat-maize rotation system.
作者
任宁
黄玉芳
侯占领
牛银霞
叶优良
汪洋
赵亚南
岳松华
王祎
REN Ning;HUANG Yufang;HOU Zhanling;NIU Yinxia;YE Youliang;WANG Yang;ZHAO Ya’nan;YUE Songhua;WANG Yi(College of Resources and Environment,Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou 450002,China;Xuchang Agricultural Technology Promotion Station,Xuchang 461000,China)
出处
《河南农业大学学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2019年第5期683-688,共6页
Journal of Henan Agricultural University
基金
十三五国家重点研发计划(2017YFD0200100)
河南省教育厅(14B210026,15A210036)
关键词
有机肥
小麦-玉米轮作
产量
效益
organic fertilizer
wheat-maize rotation
yield
benefit
作者简介
任宁(1993—),男,河南周口人,硕士研究生,从事作物养分资源管理研究;通信作者:黄玉芳(1972-),女,山东泰安人,实验师,硕士。
