摘要
氮肥利用率关系着农业生产的成本和环境问题,为了解洱海上游地区不同量有机无机肥配施对水稻的氮素吸收利用情况,并为以后的施肥提供依据,本文通过田间试验,研究了90,72,54,36 t/hm2有机肥(牛粪)分别与化肥配施对水稻氮素吸收利用率(NRE)、氮素农学效率(NAE)、氮肥偏生产率(PFP)和氮素收获指数(NHI)的影响。结果表明:NRE随施氮量的增加而提高,分别为4.8%,16.0%,25.4%,34.7%,与施氮量呈极显著(r=0.999,P=0.001)正相关;PFP随施氮量的增加而明显降低,分别为50.9,42.1,35.7,32.4 kg/kg,二者间呈显著负相关(r=-0.981,P=0.019);NAE随施氮量增加而提高,分别为4.3,7.9,8.7,10.1 kg/kg N,但超过165 kg/hm2后处理间差异不显著;NHI以施氮量为225 kg/hm2和285 kg/hm2最高,均为42。为提高氮肥利用率,应该在降低土壤背景氮的基础上,增加穗粒肥比例,具体以23 t/hm2牛粪作为基肥,8 t/hm2牛粪作为蘖肥,辅以20 kg/hm2化肥氮,穗肥氮112 kg/hm2于孕穗期和灌浆期以2∶3的比例分两次施用。
Nitrogen use-efficiency is a key factor that is closely related to the agricultural costs and environmental problems.This paper studied the effects of the application of 4 different levels manure(90,72,54,36 t/hm2) and chemical fertilizers on nitrogen recovery use efficiency(NRE),nitrogen agronomic use efficiency(NAE),partial factor productivity for applied N(PFP) and nitrogen harvest index(NHI) of rice in upstream region of Erhai Lake by a field experiment,to identify the status of nitrogen uptake and utilization of rice,and to provide the basis for rice fertilization.Result showed: NRE improved when nitrogen input increased,the number of NRE were 4.8%,16.0%,25.4%,34.7%,respectively,NRE showed extremely positive significant(r=0.999,P=0.001)relation to nitrogen input;PFP decreased when nitrogen input was increase,the number of PFP were 50.9,42.1,35.7,32.4 kg/kg,respectively,PFP showed negative significant(r=-0.981,P=0.019)relation to nitrogen input;NAE improved when nitrogen input was increase,the number of NAE were 4.3,7.9,8.7,10.1 kg/kg N,respectively,but the difference was not significant in different treatments when nitrogen input exceeded 165 kg/hm2.NHI of nitrogen input at 225 and 285 kg/hm2 was the highest in all treatments,and their number was 42.It is necessary to reduce background nitrogen of soil and increase panicle nitrogen for improving nitrogen use-efficiency.Specific fertilizer assignment is as follows: basal nitrogen: cow dung 23t/hm2,tillering nitrogen: cow dung 8t/hm2 and fertilizer nitrogen 20 kg/hm2,panicle nitrogen: fertilizer nitrogen 112 kg/hm2,and make it applied proportion by 2∶ 3 at booting and filling stage.
出处
《云南农业大学学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2011年第5期694-699,共6页
Journal of Yunnan Agricultural University
基金
国家十一五重大水专项(2008ZX07105-002)
云南省自然科学基金(2010ZC083)
中科院土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室开放基金(0812000051)
国家自然科学基金(31101605)
关键词
有机肥
水稻
氮素
吸收
利用
organic manure
rice
nitrogen
uptake
utilization
