摘要
目的分析深圳市2005—2017年诺如病毒感染暴发疫情流行特征和影响因素,探讨疫情防控策略。方法通过深圳市疾病控制信息管理系统和国家突发公共卫生事件报告管理信息系统分别获取2005年1月1日至2017年12月31日的诺如病毒感染暴发疫情和突发公共卫生事件信息,应用描述性流行病学方法进行分析。结果2005—2017年深圳市发生诺如病毒感染暴发疫情(1周内同一集体单位5例及以上)346起,其中6.36%(22/346)达到突发公共卫生事件标准。2006—2013年疫情少且波动小,2014年后疫情明显升高,2016—2017年疫情占57.80%(200/346),诺如病毒感染暴发疫情流行毒株2013年及之前以GⅡ.4基因型的毒株为主,之后依次为GⅡ.17和GⅡ.2。11月至次年3月(76.88%,266/346)为发病高峰,63.87%(221/346)发生在原特区内地区,发生场所主要为托幼机构(67.05%,232/346)和中小学(23.70%,82/346)。突发公共卫生事件发生原因以接触传播(45.45%,10/22)和食源性传播(40.91%,10/22)为主,水源性传播(13.64 %,3/22)相对较少;75.80%(238/314)发生在托幼机构和中小学的暴发疫情局限在一个班级,主要为接触传播引起。结论深圳市诺如病毒腹泻暴发疫情监测标准灵敏度高,2014年后疫情上升可能与流行毒株基因型的更替有关,冬春季需加强托幼机构、中小学等重点单位综合防控。
Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of norovirus outbreaks in Shenzhen during 2005 to 2017 in order to provide reference for disease control and prevention. Methods Monitoring data of norovirus outbreaks in Shenzhen from January 1, 2005 to December 31, 2017 were collected from Shenzhen Communicable Disease Information System and China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention. Descriptive epidemiological methods were used for data analysis. Results From January 2005 to December 2017, 346 norovirus outbreaks (five or more cases in one community within one week) were reported in Shenzhen, of which 6.36%(22/346) were public health emergency events. Fewer outbreaks were reported during 2006 to 2013 and they were mainly caused by GⅡ.4 genotype, but the number increased sharply since 2014 with 57.80%(200/346) occurred in 2016-2017 and the epidemic genotype changed from GⅡ.4 to GⅡ.17 and GⅡ.2. The outbreaks peaked during November to March (76.88%, 266/346). There were 63.87%(221/346) reported in urban areas, 67.05%(232/346) in nurseries and 23.70%(82/346) in primary/middle schools. Among the 22 public health emergency events, 40.91%(10/22) were caused by person-to-person contacts, 40.91%(10/22) by foodborne transmission and 13.64%(3/22) by waterborne transmission. Moreover, 75.80%(238/314) of the outbreaks in nurseries and primary/middle schools were confined to one classroom and most were due to contact transmission. Conclusions Norovirus outbreaks increased obviously since 2014, which might be related to the changes of the predominant genotype from GⅡ.4 to GⅡ.17 and GⅡ.2. It is necessary to strengthen a comprehensive prevention and control in key units such as nurseries and primary/middle schools in winter and spring.
作者
张振
李媛
张海龙
路滟
梅树江
杜加亮
谢旭
Zhang Zhen;Li Yuan;Zhang Hailong;Lu Yan;Mei Shujiang;Du Jialiang(Information and Technology Division, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, China;Division of Enteric Viral Vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102629, China)
出处
《中华微生物学和免疫学杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2019年第9期693-697,共5页
Chinese Journal of Microbiology and Immunology
作者简介
通信作者:谢旭,Email:xrain@21cn.com,电话:0755-25634554.
