摘要
交易活动的空间扩张与竞争是地理学、经济学等学科关注的重要课题,零售商的合理布局对发展城乡经济、配置流通资源、满足居民消费需求起着重要作用。长期以来,连锁经营作为一种现代化零售组织形式,得到业界广泛实践和政府高度关注。然而近年来,中国连锁零售业陷入"增长困境",以门店扩张为主的传统空间扩张方式受制于内在机制与外在环境的双重约束,不可能再为企业增长提供源源不断的动力。究其原因,是这种粗放式扩张虽然能够简单直接地降低空间阻力,但不可避免地存在竞食效应。在数字经济时代,互联网的发展为调和这种矛盾提供了技术基础,对商业活动的空间分布特征和演化动力机制造成深刻的影响。在现实的行业实践中,"电商"作为一种新兴业态,通过直接虚化门店来避免实体空间的种种约束,而"新零售模式"的出现,又相较于电商在"权衡竞食效应与密度经济"和"降低消费者空间阻力"上展示出更大的优势。因此,本文以模型推演结合案例研究的方式,探讨数字经济时代连锁零售商空间扩张与竞争的创新机制,以期为传统企业的转型升级乃至整个流通产业的高质量发展提供对策与建议。
The spatial expansion and competition of trading activities are important topics for geography, economics and other disciplines. The rational distribution of retail enterprise plays an important role in the development of urban and rural economy, the allocation of circulation resources, and the satisfaction of consumer demand. For a long time, franchise management, as a modern circulation mode, received sustained attention from both of the industry and the government. However, in recent years, such traditional spatial expansion mode based on store expansion has fallen into a “growth dilemma”. It is subject to the dual constraints of internal mechanism and external environment, and hard to provide continuous driving force for enterprise growth. The reason is although this kind of extensive growth can reduce the spatial resistance in a simple and direct way, it cannot avoid the “Cannibalization Effect”. In the era of digital economy, reconciling this contradiction becomes feasible at the technical level, profoundly affecting the spatial distribution characteristics and evolutionary dynamic mechanism of commercial activities. Nowadays, the Internet-based “e-commerce” has been able to avoid the constraints of physical space by directly blurring the store, and some more cutting-edge retail models which combine online and offline are showing a more prominent advantage in reducing consumer space resistance. Therefore, this paper combines the methods of model deduction and case study to explore the innovative mechanism of space expansion and competition, in order to provide useful suggestions for the transformation of traditional enterprises and the high-quality development of circulation industry.
作者
刘向东
刘雨诗
陈成漳
LIU Xiang-dong;LIU Yu-shi;CHEN Cheng-zhang(Business School of Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China)
出处
《中国工业经济》
CSSCI
北大核心
2019年第5期80-98,共19页
China Industrial Economics
基金
国家社会科学基金一般项目"中国零售业数字化转型研究"(批准号18BJY176)
关键词
连锁经营
空间扩张
竞食效应
密度经济
新零售模式
chain operation
space expansion
cannibalization effect
economies of density
cutting-edge retail model
作者简介
刘向东,中国人民大学商学院教授,博士生导师,经济学博士;通讯作者:刘雨诗,中国人民大学商学院博士研究生。电子邮箱louise_615@163.com;陈成漳,中国人民大学商学院博士研究生。
