摘要
冠状病毒在自然界中广泛存在，其自然宿主包括家畜、禽类、鼠类及野生哺乳类动物等，尤其是有飞翔能力的哺乳动物一蝙蝠，是多种冠状病毒的自然储存宿主，也是病毒扩散、传播及致动物或人类疾病流行的传染源。已发现有6种冠状病毒可使人类致病，其中SARS-CoV及MERS-CoV具有高致死率。由于冠状病毒有广泛宿主的特点以及自身基因组的结构特征，使其在进化过程中极易发生基因重组和变异，呈现遗传多样性。新亚型及新的冠状病毒在此过程中不断出现，使该病毒可发生跨种属感染，也对感染的预防与治疗带来较大的困难。本文对冠状病毒的形态结构、分类、基因组与受体的特点、致病性和防治感染的措施等研究文献，作了回顾与论述。
Coronaviruses widely exist in the nature. The domestic animals, poultry, rodents, and wild mammals, especially bats are the natural reservoir hosts of various coronaviruses, which spread infectious agents causing epidemics of animal or human diseases. Six have been found to cause disease in human, including SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV which cause high mortality rates. Due to the extensive hosts and the genomic characteristics, coronavirus is prone to gene recombination and mutation in the course of evolution, showing genetic diversity. New subtypes and new coronaviruses continue to emerge during this process, making it possible for cross-species infections, which bring great difficulties in the prevention and treatment of the disease. The article reviews and discusses the morphological structure, classification, genome and cross-species infection, pathogenicity of coronavirus as well as the prevention and control measures of its infection.
作者
马亦林
Ma Yilin(Department of Infectious Diseases,State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases,the First Affiliated Hospital,Zhejiang University School of Medicine,Hangzhou 310003,China)
出处
《中华临床感染病杂志》
2018年第4期305-315,共11页
Chinese Journal of Clinical Infectious Diseases
关键词
冠状病毒感染
SARS病毒
跨种属感染
诊断
治疗
Coronavirus infections
SARS virus
Cross-species infection
Diagnosis
Treatment
作者简介
Email：zjumyl@aliyun．com
