摘要
海南本地油茶以越南油茶为主,遗传资源丰富。目前系统的遗传及经济性状研究十分缺乏。本文采用全岛普查及3年连续观测的方法,以目标优良品系母树为研究对象,对分枝角度、单株鲜果产量、果实数量性状、种籽经济性状等进行研究。结果表明:分枝角度的变异幅度较小,单株间变异系数仅4.35%;大部分单株年度间鲜果产量的变异幅度很大,平均变异系数为35.61%,仅个别单株年度间鲜果产量稳定,其变异系数仅为2.26%;果实性状中单果重变异幅度较大,达24.20%,变异幅度最小的是果形指数,仅为5.94%;种籽经济性状中变异幅度较大的为百粒重和每果籽粒数,其变异系数分别为39.99%和19.91%。综合以上结果,当以提高油茶果实产量为目标选育新品种或评价优良种质资源时,在海南油茶产区建议评判的标准为:百粒重363.74 g、年度间单株鲜果产量23.19 kg、单果重63.37 g及每果籽粒数5.54粒。
Tea-oil camellia in Hainan has rich genetic resources which were identified mainly as Camellia vietnamensis. The genetics and economic traits of the tea-oil camellia plants were seldom reported. An around-the-island survey and a 3 years continuous observation were made of the tea-oil camellia in Hainan Island. Elite ortets of the tea-oil camellia were selected for observation in terms of branching angle, fruit yield per plant, fruit quantitative traits and seed economic traits. The results showed that the branching angle had a small variation range with a variation coefficient of only 4.35%. Most of the individual tea-oil camellia plants had a high variation in yield with an average variation coefficient of 35.61%. Only some individuals yielded stable with a variation coefficient of only 2.26%. In the fruit trait the single fruit weight had a high variation, the range of which was upto 24.20%, and the fruit shape index had a minimum variation, only 5.94%. In the seed economic trait the hundred-seed weight and seed number per fruit were the highest in variation, with a variation coefficient of 39.99% and 19.91%, respectively.According to the results aforementioned the standards recommended for selection of new varieties or evaluation of elite germplasm of tea-oil camellia in camellia oil producing area in Hainan were that hundred-seeds weight was 363.74 g, annual fruit yield per plant 23.19 kg, annual single fruit weight 63.37 g and the number of seeds per fruit 5.54.
作者
贾效成
陈良秋
余凤玉
张宁
JIA Xiaocheng;CHEN Liangqiu;YU Fengyu;ZHANG Ning(Coconut Research Institute,CATAS,Wenchang,Hainan 571339)
出处
《热带农业科学》
2018年第6期56-60,共5页
Chinese Journal of Tropical Agriculture
基金
海南省产学研一体化专项(No.cxy20150020)
中国热带农业科学院基本科研业务费专项资金(No.1630152017008
No.1630152017002
No.1630152018006)
关键词
油茶
优良品系
遗传
经济性状
海南
tea-oil camellia
elite cultivars
genetic
economic traits
Hainan
作者简介
贾效成（1975-），男，助理研究员，博士，研究方向为热带油料作物资源；E-maii：xcjia1@163．com。
