摘要
不真正连带债务理论由德国法学家米塔斯和阿依舍雷率先提出,其理论源头可以追溯至古典罗马法时期的争点决定制度以及德国十九世纪普通法时期的连带责任二分法,其理论基础为连带债务的原因同一说,该理论一度为德国学界和德意志帝国法院所接受,并且为1 9 4 9年前的中国学说和司法所继受。但是,德国目前的通说抛弃了该学说,以债务的同一阶层性说解释连带债务的本质,否认不真正连带债务理论,德国联邦法院对于该理论亦持保留态度。"中华民国民法"以及《民法通则》对于连带债务采法定连带除外的主观目的共同说,实践中有可能产生不真正连带债务,但是1 9 4 9年以后我国台湾地区学说及司法实践中将一些普通债务、协同债务以及嗣后不能的债务视为不真正连带债务,不甚妥当,大陆学界应该引以为戒。我国未来的《民法典》当中应该增加赔偿请求权让与的规定,目前多数的所谓不真正连带债务的类型,可以藉此解决。另外,在请求权法定转移或者约定转移的情形下以及具有主从关系的债务不属于不真正连带债务。
Mitteis und Eisele's theory of the untrue joint and several liability embodied the early thought of the dualistic construction of the joint obligation in Germany, but from the end of the world war II , more and more jurists doubt this theory. Today the Popular theory about the joint obligation in Germany is the same level obligation theory, according to this theory, if more than one person owe performance in such a way that each is obliged to effect the entire performance, but the obligees are only entitled'to demand the performance once, if all the obligors are at the same duty steps, the obligees may at his discretion demand full or part performance from each of the obligors. Until the entire performance has been effected all obligors remain obliged. In China some jurists have inherited Mitteis und Eisele's untrue joint and several liability theories and insist on that it should be stipulated in the obligations book of Civil Code of PRC in the future.
出处
《财经法学》
2018年第3期31-60,共30页
Law and Economy
基金
2015年度国家社会科学基金项目"占有保护疑难法律问题研究"(项目编号:15BFX163)
江苏高校优势学科建设工程资助项目(PAPD)
江苏高校哲学社会科学研究重点项目"农村集体经济组织立法问题研究"(项目编号:2016ZDIXM041)
作者简介
章正璋,男,1970年9月生,苏州大学王健法学院暨东吴公法与比较法研究所教授,博士生导师,研究方向为民商法、欧盟法以及法律制度比较。