摘要
tRNA衍生片段(tRNA-derived RNA fragment,t RF)和tRNA半分子(tRNA halves,ti RNA)由成熟tRNA或其前体tRNA在不同位点特异性剪切产生,它们是一类广泛存在于原核生物和真核生物转录组中的非编码小RNA分子.t RF主要有tRF-5、tRF-3和tRF-1等3亚类,分别来自成熟tRNA的D环至反密码环茎区间切割至5′端、T环开始至3′端和前体tRNA的3′端尾部,其长度为14~30个核苷酸(nucleotide,nt).ti RNA主要有5′ti RNA和3′ti RNA等2亚类,是在成熟tRNA反密码子环处切割分别产生,其长度为29~50 nt.t RF和ti RNA具有多种生物学功能,既可以在应激反应中作为信号分子,又可以作为基因表达的调节者.它们与人类多种疾病(如肿瘤、神经退行性疾病、代谢性疾病和传染病等)的发生密切相关,有希望成为疾病诊断的新型标志物.本文就t RF和ti RNA的分类、生物学功能以及与人类疾病的关系作一综述.
The tRNA-derived RNA fragments（tRFs） and tRNA halves（ti RNAs） are derived from mature transfer RNAs（tRNAs） or precursor tRNAs through specific cleavage at different sites. They are belonged to small non-coding RNA molecules widely existing in prokaryotic and eukaryotic transcriptome. tRFs are classified into tRF-5s, tRF-3s and tRF-1s. tRF-5s and tRF-3s are generated from the cleavage between D-ring and anticodon loop to 5′-end, and T-ring to 3′-end of mature tRNAs, respectively. tRF-1s are from the 3′ trailer fragment of precursor tRNAs. The sizes of tRFs are 14-30 nt. ti RNAs, 29-50 nt in length, are divided into 5′ ti RNAs and 3′ ti RNAs.They are generated within the anti-codon loop. tRFs and ti RNAS have a variety of biological functions. They can be not only stress-activated signal molecules but also coordinators of gene expression. Moreover, tRFs and ti RNAs are associated with the occurrence of a variety of human diseases such as cancers, neurodegenerative diseases,hereditary metabolic diseases, and infectious diseases. Thus, they may become a new type of biomarkers for the diagnosis of these diseases. In this paper, the classification of tRFs and ti RNAs, their biological functions, and their relationships with human diseases were reviewed.
出处
《生物化学与生物物理进展》
SCIE
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2017年第7期565-572,共8页
Progress In Biochemistry and Biophysics
基金
浙江省公益技术研究社会发展(2016C33177)
宁波市科技创新团队项目(2017B001)资助~~
作者简介
通讯联系人．Tel：0574—87600758，E-mail：guojunming@nbu．edu．cn
