摘要
基于2010年第六次人口普查资料及其他数据,本文从动态结构视角对新疆以及维吾尔、汉、哈萨克、回族这四个主要民族的人口现状及变化特征进行了描述分析。研究发现:新疆人口总体上呈现增长趋势,但增长速度有所放缓。其中,新疆汉族以迁移增长为主,而维吾尔、哈萨克、回族等少数民族仍以自然增长为主。在人口结构方面,无论是自然结构还是社会经济结构,新疆汉族与少数民族人口都存在较大的差异。此外,在人口分布方面,汉族人口主要集中在城镇且分布相对均衡,而少数民族人口多居住在乡村,且呈现明显的聚居性,民族之间存在一定程度的居住隔离。改革开放三十多年来,新疆各民族人口发展的差异及不平衡性依旧存在。新时期充分认识新疆各主要民族人口发展特点、差异及不平衡的现实,将为我们落实好新疆工作会议精神打下必要的基础。
Based on the 2010 national census and other data, this article makes a descriptive analysis of the population of Xinjiang＇s major ethnic groups （namely, the Uighur, Han, Kazak, Hui） from the perspective of dynamic structure. The main findings are as follows： Firstly, in terms of total population, Xinjiang＇s population is always keeping a growth trend ,but the pace of it has slowed down recently. Among them, the population of Xinjiang＇s minorities, such as Uighur, Kazak, Hui, are mainly made up of natural growth, while the population growth of the Han is mainly from the inflows. Secondly, in terms of population structure, whether the natural structure or the socio-economic structure, there always exists a significant difference between the Han and the minorities in Xinjiang. Thirdly, in terms of population distribution, more than half of the minorities reside in rural areas and present a high level of residential centralization. However, most of the Han population live in cities or towns, and their distribution is relatively balanced and dispersed. Consequently, there is a certain degree of segregation among ethnic groups. Since the Reforms in 1980s, the de- velopment gap and imbalance still remains and exists among Xinjiang＇s ethnic groups in all those 30 years. Currently, it is necessary to totally comprehend the characteristics of population development and the reality of ethnic difference in this new era, which will lay the foundation for implementing the spirit of Xinjiang＇s work conference.
出处
《西北民族研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2015年第3期21-36,47,共17页
Journal of Northwestern Ethnic Studies
关键词
新疆人口
主要民族
数量与结构
发展差异
Xinjiang＇s population
major ethnic groups
quantity and structure
development gap（see P.21 ）
作者简介
李建新，北京大学社会学系。北京100871
