摘要
长期有机无机肥配施定位试验条件下,关于不同施肥处理对稻田土壤微生物特性方面的研究目前还较少。为探明大麦(Hordaum vulgare L.)各个生育时期不同施肥处理对大麦-双季稻三熟制种植模式中稻田土壤微生物生物量碳、氮和微生物商的影响,以湖南宁乡长期定位试验为平台,应用氯仿熏蒸-K2SO4提取法和化学分析法系统分析了长达28年5种施肥处理之间(化肥、秸秆还田+化肥、30%有机肥+70%化肥、60%有机肥+40%化肥和无肥)稻田土壤微生物生物量碳、氮和微生物商及大麦产量的差异。结果表明,大麦各主要生育时期,长期施肥均能提高土壤微生物生物量碳、氮含量和微生物商,各施肥处理土壤微生物生物量碳、氮含量和微生物商均随生育期推进呈增加的变化趋势,均于齐穗期达到最大值;其中,化肥、秸秆还田、30%有机肥和60%有机肥处理土壤微生物生物量碳含量分别比无肥增加20.04%、26.47%、45.94%和51.42%,土壤微生物生物量氮含量分别比无肥增加12.87%、18.42%、32.16%和36.55%。60%有机肥和30%有机肥处理土壤微生物生物量碳、氮含量和微生物商均为最高,均显著高于其他处理,其大小顺序表现为60%有机肥>30%有机肥>秸秆还田>化肥>无肥。各施肥处理大麦产量分别比无肥增产357.6、683.0、721.2和782.1 kg·hm-2。长期有机无机肥配施可以提高土壤微生物生物量碳、氮和微生物商,有机肥与化肥配施对提高土壤肥力和增产效果最好。微生物生物量碳、氮及微生物商可以反映土壤质量的变化,作为评价土壤肥力的生物学指标。
Fertilizer inputs is the most important agricultural management practice affecting soil carbon and nitrogen content.Moreover,soil carbon and nitrogen provide a direct source for soil organisms.In China,only few studies have been conducted on the influence of long-term fertilizer and organic matter with fertilizer application on the soil microbiological properties.Our objective was to explore the characteristics of soil microbial biomass carbon（w（SMBC））,soil microbial biomass nitrogen（w（SMBN）） and soil microbial quotient in paddy soil during barley（Hordaum vulgare L.） growth periods with different long-term fertilizer managements in the double cropping rice system,we analyzed the w（SMBC）,w（SMBN）,soil microbial quotient and grain yield of barley by using mineral fertilizer alone（MF）,rice residues plus mineral fertilizer（RF）,30% organic matter and 70% mineral fertilizer（OM1）,60% organic matter and 40% mineral fertilizer（OM2）,and without fertilizer（CK）.The long-term experiment was set up in 1986 in Ningxiang county,Hunan province,China.The results showed that different fertilization managements on paddy soil over the 28 years significantly affected soil chemical and microbial properties.That is,the w（SMBC）,w（SMBN） and soil microbial quotient in paddy soil were increased by long-term fertilizer managements during barley growth periods.Meanwhile,the w（SMBC）,w（SMBN） and soil microbial quotient reached the maximum at heading stage of barley.The activities of w（SMBC） were increased by 20.04%,26.47%,45.94% and 51.42% with MF,RF,OM1 and OM2 at heading stage of barley,and the activities of w（SMBN） were increased by 12.87%,18.42%,32.16 % and 36.55% with MF,RF,OM1 and OM2 at heading stage of barley compared with the CK,respectively.Furthermore,the w（SMBC）,w（SMBN） and soil microbial quotient with OM1 and OM2 was significantly higher than that of MF,RF,CK at the main growth stages of barley.And the w（SMBC）,w（SMBN） and soil microbial quotient for different fertilizer managements was OM2〉 OM1 〉RF〉 MF〉 CK at the main growth stages of barley.Grain yield of barley with different fertilizer managements was significantly different,and that of OM2 and OM1 was the highest,while that of CK was the lowest.Compared with CK,the grain yield of MF,RF,OM1 and OM2 increased by 357.6,683.0,721.2 and 782.1 kg·ha^-1,respectively.As a result,the soil fertility and grain yield of barley were increased by combine mineral fertilizer with organic matter,which the w（SMBC）,w（SMBN） and soil microbial quotient was correlated with fertilization managements.These results indicated that soil microbial properties reflect the changes of soil quality and thus can be used as biological indicator in the evaluation of soil fertility.
出处
《生态环境学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2015年第6期978-983,共6页
Ecology and Environmental Sciences
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(31201178)
湖湘青年科技创新创业平台资助项目
关键词
大麦
长期施肥
土壤微生物量碳
土壤微生物量氮
微生物商
barley
long-term fertilizer management
soil microbial biomass carbon
soil microbial biomass nitrogen
soil microbial quotient
作者简介
唐海明（1980年生），男，副研究员，博士，研究方向为耕作生态和农作制研究。E-mail：tanghaiming66@163．com通信作者。
