摘要
追求幸福是个体生存的根本动机,当旅游日益成为人们享受幸福生活的重要表达时,旅游研究有理由探讨旅游与幸福感的关系。以扎根理论为研究工具,以旅游博客的博主为研究对象,系统分析旅游过程中旅游者身心感受的变化。研究发现,旅游的根本动机是寻找和收获旅游幸福感。旅游者从居住地世俗生活状态进入旅游环境,通过休闲、娱乐、教育、逃避、美感和移情过程,达到消遣、逃逸、认知、审美和移情的目的;享受从生理感知、心理变化和灵性提升不同层级的生命状态,获得深刻的人生经历,再回到居住地惯常环境的历程,实现从世俗到"神圣"再归于平凡的生命状态转换。旅游前美好期待体验、旅游中福乐体验、旅游后温馨回忆体验,成为旅游幸福感的时间构成;享受闲适生活、获得旅游福乐体验、提升积极情绪、减弱不良情绪、感受人际美好,进而提升人生境界,是旅游幸福感的重要内容构成。因此,旅游服务实际上应起始于旅游行程前,绽放于旅游过程中,延伸至旅游活动后。旅游服务必须持高度的人文情怀,以发于心、形于外的贴心关照才能给予旅游者一段幸福的人生经历。
The development of human society can historically be seen as the process of the pursuit ofa happier life. Therefore, how to obtain a life filled with well- being is the ultimate goal for bothindividuals and the whole community. However, improvement in people’s happiness is not significantduring rapid economic development. This observation suggests two important facts. First, growth inthe gross national product （GDP） does not mean that there will also be rapid improvement in grossnational happiness （GNH）. Second, individual possession of wealth does not equate to having wellbeing.This observation also shows that for the vast majority of people, work is insufficient for acomplete experience of well- being. Nowadays, tourism is an increasingly normal part of peoples’lives. Tourism has become a way for people to pursue a high quality of life and experience well-being.Therefore, tourism research needs to discuss the meaning of well-being in tourism and study how it isgenerated.Scholars have conducted in-depth research on tourism from many different perspectives such aseconomics, culture, sociology, and psychology, and nowadays, the number of tourism studies from theperspective of well- being is increasing. The tourism industry perceives that its social function isgradually strengthening. Individuals perceive tourism as an important means for realizing a better life.The quantitative method is currently the main research method used in tourism, happiness, or wellbeingand it uses variables obtained through operational definitions. This research approach lacks theprocess of verification of variables from the tourist perspective.To explore tourism from the tourist perspective, the current paper selected 200 bloggers from theSohu travel blog using a theoretical sampling approach, and 35 bloggers were finally selected andused as the study sample. The data were analyzed using a grounded theory approach, which needsthree steps to explore tourism well-being： open coding, axial coding, and selective coding. We foundthat tourism is a process of searching for well- being. A spatial composition perspective shows thattourism well-being exists throughout the entire process of movement between three spatial locations：tourist residence-tourist destination-tourist residence. In terms of its time composition, tourism wellbeingconsists of three important parts： expectations before travel, experiences during travel, andmemories after travel. Our construction of tourism well- being consists of nine states： fugue beforetravel; relaxed and comfortable; weakened negative emotions; enhanced positive emotions; betterinterpersonal relationships; improved quality of life; immersion in tourism well- being; transformingtourism well-being; and settled tourism well-being. In exploring the experience level of tourists, wefound that the traveler’s level of tourism well- being gradually increased with the experience oftourism. Tourism well-being before and after travel is mainly a cognitive and emotional experience,while tourism well- being during travel is mainly a cognitive, emotional, and spiritual experience.Tourists come from a secular state of daily life and experience a memorable or sacred state of lifeduring travel, but eventually return to their secular state of daily life at home. Tourism well-being isthe ultimate pursuit of not only tourists, but also tourism operators （practitioners）. Therefore, todeliver a well- being experience to tourists, tourism services should begin the tourism well- beingexperience before travel, which peaks during travel and extends to after travel.
出处
《旅游学刊》
CSSCI
2014年第10期51-60,共10页
Tourism Tribune
基金
国家社会科学基金项目(12BGL088)
上海市政府决策咨询研究项目(2013-Z-J04
2014-YJ-B04)共同资助~~
作者简介
张天问（1988-）女,河南商丘人,硕士研究生,研究方向为旅游幸福感和邮轮经济,E-mailreadygirl9999@163.com;
