摘要
以当前国际上流行的衡量环境物品经济价值的重要方法——条件价值评估法 ( CVM) ,针对黑河流域张掖地区生态系统恶化的现状 ,以支付卡的方法设计了 70 0份调查问卷 ,调查了黑河流域居民对恢复张掖地区生态系统服务的支付意愿 ( WTP)。结果表明 ,黑河流域 96 .6 %的居民家庭对恢复张掖地区生态系统服务存在支付意愿。对支付卡数据的非参数估计结果表明 ,黑河流域居民家庭对恢复张掖地区生态系统服务的平均最大支付意愿每户每年在 4 5 .9～ 6 8.3元之间。支付卡数据的参数估计分析表明 ,黑河流域居民家庭对恢复张掖地区生态系统服务的平均最大支付意愿每户每年为5 3.35元。按黑河流域现有家庭数量计算 ,恢复张掖地区生态系统服务的经济效益每年至少在 2 2 4 6 .2 8× 1 0 4 元以上。由于恢复张掖地区生态系统服务具有巨大的正外部效应 ,因此 ,仅就黑河流域居民家庭数量估计的恢复张掖地区生态系统服务的经济价值 。
The Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) is a direct interview approach that can be used to provide acceptable measures of the economic value of recreation opportunities as well as preservation of natural resources. This latter use is unique to contingent valuation. Contingent valuation methods use simulated (hypothetical) markets to identify values similar to actual markets. The experience gained in US and Europe for about three decades shows that CV is a promising technique which could potentially help public decision-making. Lots of empirical studies conducted in various contexts show that the approach is well-accepted by the general public. The authors take it as an tool to analyze the economic benefits of restoring ecosystem service in an impaired river basin, Heihe river basin, which ranks the second large inland river basin in northwest China. To obtain accurate benefit estimates using CVM technique requires detailed descriptions of the resources being valued. In our survey, a 12-page questionnaire with maps, pictures and figures depicting the reason why the ecosystem of Heihe river basin and Zhangye prefecture has been deteriorating, the measures by which ecosystem services could be restoring from their current level, and the benefits the households in the area could get from restoring ecosystem services. Results from 700 in-person interviews indicate that 96.6% of the households in Heihe river basin would like to pay for restoring the ecosystem services of Zhangye prefecture. Non-parameter analysis of the payment card data shows that the maximum average willingness to pay (WTP) is 45.9～68.3 RMB Yuan per household per year. Parameter analysis of the data indicates that the maximum average WTP is 53.35 RMB Yuan per household per year. The annual aggregate benefits of restoring ecosystem services of Zhangye prefecture is at least 2246.28×104 RMB Yuan, calculated by the number of the households in 1999 in the Heihe river basin. This result is a conservative estimates for the economic value of restoring the ecosystem services of Zhangye prefecture because of the positive externalities of restoring the ecosystem services on the outside of Heihe river basin. This estimated economic value suggests that the general public in Heihe river basin would be willing to pay to restoring the ecosystem services. Thus, the application and development of CVM technique in China should be encouraged because of the necessity of the integrated environmental and economic accounting and the rationally environmental economic decision-making.
出处
《生态学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2002年第6期885-893,共9页
Acta Ecologica Sinica
基金
中国科学院知识创新工程重大资助项目 ( KZCX1 -1 0 -0 7)
中国科学院知识创新工程重大资助项目 ( KZCX1 -0 9-0 4 )
中国科学院"西部之光"计划"甘肃省 2 1世纪生态建设与大农业可持续发展研究"资助项目
关键词
黑河流域
张掖地区
生态系统服务
条件价值评估法
支付意愿
经济价值
Contingent valuation method(CVM)
Willingness to pay(WTP)
Ecosystem services restoration
Economic value
Zhangye prefecture
Heihe river basin
